NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 217 
ftuercus kelloggii Newb. California black oak. 
Q. calif ornica (Torr.) Cooper. 
Range : 1, 3, 4, 5, 10. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, biennial. 
A small shrub to large tree; occurs in sandy and other soils; root system 
deep ; slow growing, long-lived ; shrubbier at higher elevations ; wood much used 
for fuel ; stump sprouts freely produced, of rapid growth, often prostrate ; 
subject to mistletoe. 
Ohservations: Of outstanding importance as browse for mule deer. 
^uercus laceyl, see Quercus 'breviloha. 
Quercus laevis Walt. Turkey oak. 
Q. cateshaei Michx. 
Range : 29, 30. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Acorn, biennial. 
A large tree ;. commonly occurs in sandy soil ; root system deep ; rather rapid 
growing, generally short-lived ; free from insects and disease. 
Quercus laurifolia Michx. Laurel oak. 
Range : 20, 28, 29, 30. 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn; biennial, available September-October. 
A large tree ; occurs in sand, loam, and other soils ; somewhat cultivated ; 
540-690 seeds per pound. 
Var. 7'homdica (Sarg.) Trel., (Q. rhomhica Sarg., Q. oMusa Ashe) occurs within 
the range of the species. 
ftuercus leiodermis, see Quercus velutina. 
Quercus leptophylla Rydb. Rocky Mountain white oak. 
Q. gainhelii Nutt., in part. 
Range: 13, 14. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Acorn, annual. 
A large tree ; commonly occurs in groups ; wood hard, strong, used for fuel. 
Quercus lobata Nee. Valley white oak. 
Range: 3, 4, 5. 
Site: Well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit : Acorn, annual. 
A large tree ; ordinarily occurs in richer soils ; rapid growing ; wood of some 
value commercially ; taproot well developed ; long-lived ; produces very abundant 
crops of acorns ; weeping trees confined to fertile loam soils. 
Ohservations: Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. 
Quercus lyrata Walt. Overcup oak. 
Range : 20, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn; annual, available September-October. 
A small to large tree; commonly does not occur on poor soils; root system 
deep, taproots and deep-seated laterals well-developed ; slow growing, long-lived ; 
generally free from insects and disease ; resistant to fire ; wood durable, of 
importance commercially ; 150 seeds per pound, commonly produced abundantly 
every 3 or 4 years. Young plants browsed by cattle. 
Quercus macdonaldii, see Quercus dumosa. 
Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur oak. 
Range : 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn; annual, available September-October. 
Rarely a large shrub to small tree, or more commonly a large tree; root 
system deep, especially on dry sites; commonly occurs on rich, not poor soils, 
although often found in sand ; slow growing, long-lived ; not seriously injured by 
fungi or insects, except rarely June beetles ; more resistant to smoke than most 
oaks ; wood durable, much used commercially ; 380^0 seeds per pound, germina- 
tion 60-75 percent, vitality 6 to 12 months. 
Ohservations: Wood duck; acorns form a considerable portion of food of red 
squirrel; white-tailed deer. Young i^lants browsed by stock. 
