272 ^ISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
some 50 varieties are known in cultivation; 184,000-412,000 seedT per pound, 
germination 44 percent. 
Stomach records: Armadillo. Observations: Redpoll, pine siskin; staple food 
of white-tailed deer; eaten extensively by red squirrel; winter food of moose, 
but not relished, on Isle Royale; snowsboe bare; cottontail rabbit. 
Thuja plicata Don. Western red cedar. 
Range: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit : Cone ; mature in August, opening in September, persistent until 
the following summer. 
A large evergreen tree ; root system shallow ; wind-firm, except on wet soils ; 
develops best in a humid climate ; slow growing, long-lived ; easily fire-damaged ; 
without notable insect enemies, or fungi, until mature; heavy seed crop pro- 
duced every 2 or 3 years; wood durable, of great importance commercially; 
203,000-504,000 seeds per pound, germination 52-73 percent, vitality transient, 
some 13 varieties distinguished in cultivation. 
Stomach records: Plains white-tailed deer. Observations: Bark commonly 
used by Richardson's pine squirrel for nest material; an important browse 
for deer in the northern Roekv Mountains. 
Thurberia thespesioides, see Thurberia triloba. 
Thurberia triloba (DC.) Tidest. Arizona wild cotton. 
T. thespesioides of auths, not Gray, Ingenhouzia triloba DC. 
Range : 10, 11, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule, available August-September. 
A large, sparsely-branched shrub; flowers May-July; growth more vigorous 
on moist areas protected from wind; distribution extremely local; will not 
grow where soil is too dry ; a native host plant of the wild cotton boll weevil, 
which also feeds on cultivated cotton, and for this reason restricted by plant 
quarantine. 
Scarcely palatable to cattle but somewhat nibbled by sheep and goats. 
Tilia spp. Basswoods. 
The taxonomy of this group is much confused, owing in great part to the fact 
that the species vary considerably and that hybrids are apparently easily 
formed. Propagation of all species is by seed stratified as soon as ripe and 
planted in spring ; dried seed may require 2 years for germination. Many species 
attacked by Texas root rot disease caused by Phymatotrichum omnivonim. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : English sparrow, bob- 
white; Franklin ground squirrel, white-tailed deer. Observations (in addition 
to specific records) : Redpoll; porcupine, fox squirrel, white-tailed deer; staple 
food of cottontail rabbit; eastern chipmunk. 
Tilia alabamensis, see Tilia floridana. 
Tilia americana, see Tilia glabra. 
Tilia apposita, see Tilia caroliniana. 
Tilia australis Small. 
Range: 27. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Nutlike. 
A large tree. 
Tilia caroliniana Mill. 
T. apposita Ashe, T. lata Ashe, T. putescens Ait. 
Range: 20, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Nutlike, available in July. 
A large tree; flowers in May. 
Var. rhoophila Sarg. occurs in regions 17, 20, 29, and 30. 
Tilia cinerea, see Tilia truncata. 
Tilia cocksii Sarg. Basswood. 
Range: 29. 
Site: Well-draineS, moist, sun. 
Fruit : Nutlike, available in July. 
A small tree ; flowers in May. 
