276 ^'IISC. PUBLICATION 803. T. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Tumion calif ornicum ( Torr. ) Greene. California-nutmeg. 
Tor re ij a call for /ilea Torr. 
Range: 1. 4. 
Site: TTell-di^aijied. moist, sun. shade. 
Fruit: Drupelike, available September-October. 
A large, dioecious, evergreen tree ; vrood durable, locally used for fence posts. 
Tumion taxifolium (Arn.) Greene. Stinking-cedar. 
Torreua tcixifolia Arn. 
Range: 30. 
Sire: Dry. vreU-drained. sun. 
Fruit : Drapelike. 
A large evergreen tree ; commonly occurs on limestone soils ; vrood used 
locally for fence posts. 
Tumionella monactis, see Aplopappus cooperi. 
Tyria myricaef olia. see Bernard ia rr.uricaefoUa. 
Ulex europaeus L. Gorse. 
Range : 1. 2, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Legume, available Augusr-October. 
A small to large, very spiny evergreen shrub ; flowers May-July ; foliage 
extremely dense ; occurs on sand. loam. clay, and other soils : forms im- 
penetrable thickets: introduced from Europe and locally established in the 
regions indicared: able to survive burial in sand; almost explosively inflam- 
mable ; tolerant of saline condirions ; aggressively spreading in re.gions 1 and 2. 
2\ot gi'azed by livestock. Of some value as a honey plant. 
ITlmus spp. Elms. 
Sroi/iarJi -records (in addirion to specific records) : Seven species of birds, 
including ruffed grouse: white-railed deer. Observations (in addition to spe- 
cific records i : Nine species of birds ; an emergency food of pinnared grouse in 
Wisconsin and Iowa : grearer prairie chicken ; fox squirrel, red squirrel ; a 
favorire food of muskrar. 
AU native species of elm are susceptible to the Diuch elm disease, caused 
by the fungus Ccrntosfonu:lhi uhni. The virulence of the disease is very great 
and every effort should be made to prevent its ftuTher spread. Interstate 
movement of some species from certain States is prohibited because of the 
disease. The principal resistant species is the Asiatic U. purnila. Members 
of this genus are also seriously subject to the attacks of the Texas root rot 
caused by Pliyraatotriclium Gmrivorinn. 
"DTnius alata Michx. Winged elm. 
Range : 17. 20. 25. 2?. 29. 30. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Samara, available in March. 
A large tree ; occurs in gravel, loam, and other soils : wood used commercially : 
easily transplanted : much cultivated. 
Observations: White-tailed deer. 
UlmTis amerieana L. American elm. 
Range: 15. 16. IS. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23, 25. 26. 27, 2S. 29. 30. 
Sire : Dry. weU-drained. sun. 
Fruit : Samara, available March-]\Iay. 
A large tree : root system very shallow ; rapid growing, long-lived : much 
subject to defoliating insects and borers ; not wind-firm : comparatively fire 
resistant ; wood of this species is the most important commercially of the 
elms; 53.000-1CO.O(X) seeds per poimd, germination as much as 95 percent; 
much cultivated : resistant to drought ; grows on coal-stripped lands in Illinois. 
Storna^Ji re^jords: Ruiied grouse, bobwhite. Hungarian partridge; opossum. 
OliS(:rvatioi\s: Five species of birds including Hungarian partridge, pinnated 
grou>c ; cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare ; heavily browsed by white-tailed deer. 
Ulmus crassifolia Xutt. Cedar elm. 
Range : 17, 20. 29, 30. 
Site : Dry. well-drained, srm. 
Fruit: Samara, available September-November. 
A large shrub or more commonly a large tree ; may occur on alluvial soil 
or dry limestone ; a shrub in dry situations ; wood used commercially to a 
limited extent : somewhat cultivated. 
