APPENDIX. 193 
The internal quarrels of the Caffers, and their ageres- 
sions upon the Colonists of the border, which had begun to 
assume a very serious aspect, as far back as the year 1798, 
torced the Colonial Government, in 1811, to resort to the 
determined and vigorous measure of driving the intruding 
part of the savage population, which had fixed itself east- 
ward of the Great Fish River, across that long acknow- 
ledged boundary, from which time, up to 1819, a continual 
scene of warfare ensued, and ended only in an invasion from 
the Colony during the latter year, when the troops and 
burghers penetrated as far as the Kei River; and a pretty 
accurate idea of the country and of its capabilities, as far as 
that stream, was then formed, by a survey made at the 
instance of government. 
A fresh, and by far the most important, impulse was now 
given to discovery in this quarter, by the settlement of the 
British emigrants, in 1820, in the district of Albany, upon 
the immediate borders of Caffraria, whose continued failures 
for several years in their agricultural pursuits drove them 
into trading intercourse with their barbarous neighbours. 
The policy of the Dutch government, which was persevered 
in by their successors, the British, from their conquest of the 
Colony up to this period, was to prevent all connexion be- 
tween the Colonists and Caffers, and DEATH was the penalty 
held out in terrorem for passing over the proclaimed 
boundary, or being detected in trafficking. The urgent 
calls of an imperious necessity, the fear of actual starvation 
on the one side, and the promise of a lucrative trade on the 
other, however, broke through the absurd and impolitic 
restraint, and an extensive but illicit commerce was soon 
established. After several ineffectual attempts on the part 
of the Colonial Government to maintain their antiquated 
system, they were obliged, in 1824, finally to give way, first 
VOL, II. O 
