Branches and twigs infested with scalelike, gall-like or 
soft-bodied insects covered with waxy powder or 
tufts; twigs often dying... Homoptera, Coccidae 
Tips of branches swollen forming pineapplelike galls; 
COMIMETS te ee. Homoptera, Phylloxeridae 
Tips of new growth withering, infested with numerous 
soft-bodied insects with prominent antennae 
Homoptera, Aphididae 
34. Fir trees unhealthy and dying; trunks infested with 
masses of soft-bodied insects appearing as a whitish 
WOO RMN Re ee Homoptera, Chermidae 
Beech trees unhealthy and slowly dying, with dead areas 
of bark on stems covered with whitish masses of soft- 
bodiedinsects = Homoptera, Margarodidae 
Trees infested with scalelike, gall-like, or soft grublike 
insects, and covered with wax in the form of powder 
ORL UES Heres Fear oo is Homoptera, Coccidae 
DIVISION III 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST PRODUCTS 
This group includes insects causing the type of injury seen in 
the handling of forest products, i.e., logs and lumber, poles, posts, 
piling, and manufactured materials, as handles, gun stocks, stored 
wood, and wood in buildings. Certain types of damage found in 
green logs or freshly sawed lumber are the result of insects bor- 
ing in the phloem or wood of the living tree. These are also 
treated here for convenience. They are usually distinguishable by 
the more or less stained condition of the surrounding wood, pitch 
infiltration, or the presence of scar (callous) tissue. 
Defects occuring in the wood of green logs or lumber, re- 
vealed as the logs are sawed, usually as darkly stained, 
pitch-infiltrated wood, or scar (callous) tissue 
Injury occuring to material having the bark present (lumber 
excepted), such as round logs after the trees are felled and 
left either in the woods or at the mill, or logs utilized for 
LUStiG work, ete; 0s. 
Injury to freshly sawed lumber, seasoned lumber, stored and 
manufactured materials, or wood in buildings 
Injury to materials in contact with the ground, such as cross 
ties, posts, poles: foundation materials, piling above water, 
Cl Cer ‘ 
A. Defects in Green Timber 
1. In hardwoods 
MS COMITECTS inet 3 | 
2. Holes small, ‘‘pinholes,”’ 14 inch or less in cross section; 
circular, open 1.€., never filled with boring dust 
Holes larger, “grub holes,” up to “4 inch in diameter, 
usually oval in cross section, usually open, not filled 
with boring dust 
37 
