FAMILY TETTIGONIDAE 
LONG-HORNED GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS 
Long-horned grasshoppers and katydids are mostly large with 
hair-like antennae, four-segmented tarsi, laterally flattened 
bladelike ovipositors, and auditory organs sometimes at the base 
of the front tibiae. The males “sing” by rubbing a sharp edge 
at the base of one front wing along a file-like ridge on the ventral 
side of the other front wing. The songs of different species differ 
in the character of the pulses, the pulse rate, and in the way the 
pulses are grouped. 
Tree-inhabiting katydids are usually long-winged and green, 
matching in color the foliage on which they feed. Eggs are laid 
end to end in overlapping rows on leaves or twigs, or are inserted 
into the edges of leaves. The winter is usually spent in the egg 
stage and hatching occurs in the spring. Some of the more com- 
mon species, none of which are very injurious, are discussed 
below. 
The fork-tailed bush katydid, Scudderia furcata (Brun.), so- 
called because of the forked appendages at the tip of the abdomen 
of the male, is widely distributed. It occurs on but is not restricted 
to trees. The related species, S. curvicauda (DeG.), lives commonly 
on oak. 
The broad-winged katydid, Microcentrum rhombifolium (Sauss.) 
is widely distributed in the East. Adults are 25 to 35 mm. long 
and leaf green. The angular-winged katydid, M. retinerve (Burm.), 
a smaller species, is more southerly in its distribution. Both 
species have long, narrow wings, and the vertex is narrowed 
anteriorally. 
Pterophylla camellifolia (F.) is the katydid so commonly heard 
on Summer evenings. The adult is large, green, and robust. The 
front wings are dark green, leaflike, very broad, concave within, 
and wholly enclose the abdomen. Infestations occur as small col- 
onies in the dense foliage of trees. Eggs are laid in crevices of | 
loose bark or within the soft stems of woody plants. 
Other long-winged species include: Hubbellia marginifera 
(Walker), a large species with green front wings, rarely spotted 
with brown, which occurs on pines in the Southeastern States, and 
Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder) which lays its eggs in willow 
in Canada. 
Some members of the family have functional wings and live 
only on the ground. The most familiar species is the Mormon cricket, 
Anabrus simplex Hald. Although primarily western in distribu- 
tion, it occasionally occurs in destructive numbers as far east- 
ward as the Dakotas and Kansas. It feeds mostly on various trees 
and shrubs. The ovipositor of the female is sword-shaped and is 
up to 87 mm. long. 
FAMILY GRYLLIDAE 
CRICKETS 
Crickets are medium-sized insects, usually with long filiform 
antennae, three-jointed tarsi, spear-shaped ovipositors, and hind 
59 
