REGULATORY CONTROL 
Regulatory control is aimed at the prevention of entry and es- 
tablishment of foreign plant and animal pests, or at the suppres- 
sion, containment, or eradication of such pests as may have 
become established in limited areas. This form of control became 
possible with the passage of the Federal Insect Pest Act in 1905 
which enabled the Federal Government to regulate the importa- 
tion and interstate movement of articles that might spread insect 
pests. It was reinforced in 1912 by passage of the Plant Quaran- 
tine Act, which authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to enforce 
necessary regulations to protect the agricultural economy of the 
United States by preventing the introduction of insects and plant 
diseases, and by passage of the McNary-McSweeney Act in 1928, 
which established a federal policy regarding the use of legislative 
means for combatting forest insects and diseases. Then, in 1947, 
passage of the Forest Pest Control Act provided authority for the 
United States Government to act alone or in cooperation with 
states, territories, or private timber owners to control destructive 
forest insects or diseases. 
Prior to the passage and enforcement of quarantine laws, many 
species of forest, shade tree, and ornamental insects, several of 
which are highly destructive, gained entry into Eastern United 
States. Since then the rate of entry of additional species has been 
drastically reduced. The following is a list of species known to 
have been introduced into Eastern United States. 
Order and Species Country of origin Principal food plant 
Orthoptera 
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (L.) Europe Nursery stock 
Hemiptera 
Stephanitis rhododendri Harv. Europe Rhododendron 
Isoptera 
Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki Far East Wood products 
Homoptera 
Adelges abietis L. Europe Spruce 
piceae (Ratz.) Europe True firs 
strobilobius Kalt. Europe Larch 
Asterolecanium variolosum (Ratz.) Europe Oak 
Cryptococcus fagi (Baer) Europe Beech 
Gossyparia spuria (Mod.) Europe Elm 
Matsucoccus resinosae (B. & G.) Red Pine 
Pealius azaleae (B. & M.) Asia Azalea 
Phenacoccus acericola King Europe Sugar maple 
Pineus strobi (Htg.) Europe Pine 
Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwani) Far East Deciduous trees 
Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.) China Deciduous trees 
Coleoptera 
Amphimallon majalis (Raz.) Europe Various plants 
Anobium punctatum (DeG.) Europe Wood products 
Anomala orientalis Waterhouse 
Chlorophorus annularis (F.) 
Philippines 
Japan, India 
Nursery stock 
Stored bamboo 
Chrysomela interrupta F. Europe Willow, poplar 
crotchi Brown Europe Willow, poplar 
Cryptorhynchus lapathi (1L.) Europe Poplar 
Crytepistomus castaneus (Roelofs) Japan Oak 
Heterobostrychus aequalis (Waterh.) Far East Oak & mahog- 
any boards 
Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) Europe Seasoned conif- 
22 
erous wood 
