~*~” —""  _ Evie 
and small limbs. Depending on locality, there may be several gen- 
erations per year. Heavily infested twigs may be seriously injured 
or killed. 
The genus Cinara contains a number of conifer-infesting spe- 
cies, only a few of which are mentioned here. 
The white-pine aphid, Cinara strobi (Fitch), occurs from New 
England to the Lake States and Carolinas and feeds on white 
pine. Winged forms are almost 6 mm. long. The body is shiny 
dark brown, with a white stripe down the middle of the dorsum 
| and white powdery spots on the sides, and it bears long stiff hairs. 
During the fall, winged females lay up to 5 or 6 eggs each, in 
straight lines on white pine needles. Hatching occurs in the spring 
and wingless females produce living young which live in colonies 
up to 8 or 4 inches long clustered around a branch or the leader. 
Several generations later, winged females are produced which 
migrate and also produce living young. Toward fall, winged males 
and females mate, and a new crop of overwintering eggs are laid. 
Young trees or individual branches of large trees may be killed 
by heavy infestations or their growth may be seriously reduced. 
Cinara sabinae (Gill. & Palm.), a small, reddish-brown species 
about 3 mm. long and covered with a white powdery secretion, 
feeds on red cedar in Eastern United States. Colonies are usually 
found on twigs and small branches. Heavily infested trees often 
become unsightly as a result of black mold developing in honey- 
dew on the foliage. The related species, C. canadensis Hottes & 
Bradley and C. juniperivora (Wilson), also feed on red cedar. 
Cinara pint (Linn.) is a large reddish-brown species with 
numerous dark specks and a pair of large spots behind the cor- 
nicles. It has been recorded feeding on young Scotch, shortleaf, 
and Virginia pines and seriously injuring them. Additional pine- 
infesting species of Cinara include: C. carolina Tissot—loblolly, 
shortleaf, slash, longleaf, pond, and Virginia pines in the South; 
C. taedae Tissot—loblolly and Virginia pines; C. watsoni Tissot— 
loblolly, shortleaf, slash, spruce, and pond pines in Florida and 
red, pitch, Scotch, and Virginia pines in Pennsylvania; and C. 
atlantica (Wilson) —various pines in the Southeast. 
Other pine-infesting aphids include the following: Hulachnus 
rileyt Williams—Scotch, red, pitch, Virginia, shortleaf, and white 
pines; FE. -agilis (Kaltenbach)—red and Scotch pines; Essigella 
pint Wilson—loblolly, slash, and pond pines in Florida (has also 
been recorded from Maryland and Pennsylvania) ; Schizolachnus 
piniradiatae (Davidson)—jack and red pines in the Eastern 
States; S. lanosus Hottes—loblolly pine in Maryland; and Proci- 
philus bumeliae (Schrank) —roots of white pines. 
Several other aphids have also been recorded from other coni- 
fers. For example, Cinara abietis (Fitch) —various firs; C. twja- 
filina (Del G.)—arborvitae, cypress, and other species (heavy in- 
festations have been reported in nurseries in Florida and Dela- 
ware); and the balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch— 
wide variety of hosts including balsam fir, Siberian fir, Alpine fir, 
white spruce, juniper, and Fraser fir (damaged needles curl, and 
the bark of heavily infested twigs becomes roughened). 
The boxelder aphid, Periphyllus negundinis (Thomas), feeds on 
the leaves and twigs of boxelder wherever it grows in the United 
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