COURTESY CONN. AGR. EXPT. STA. 
FIGURE 24.—Masses of male cocoons 
of the red-pine scale, Matsucoccus 
eee on lower side of branch 
axil. 
much farther northward than its present range. The cutting and 
sae of infested trees is effective in reducing the rate of local 
spread. 
Matsucoccus gallicola Morrison, the pine twig gall scale, is also 
an important tree-infesting species. Its hosts include pitch, short- 
leaf, table mountain, Virginia, ponderosa, loblolly, and spruce 
pines. It has been recorded from New England to Florida, and 
west to Ohio and Missouri. Trees of all sizes, from three-year-old 
seedlings to mature specimens, are attacked. 
Mature females are generally much flattened and about 2 to 5 
mm. long. They deposit their eggs under bark scales on the larger 
branches and trunks. Heavy infestations may be quite injurious, 
especially to young trees. Damage appears to have been most 
severe to pitch pine in the Northeast (579). 
Matsucoccus alabamae Morrison has been observed feeding in 
cracks and crevices of heavy bark on pines in Alabama; and M. 
matsumurae (Kuw.) infests Virginia and pitch pines on Long 
Island. 
Xylococculus betulae (Perg.) occurs in eastern Canada and 
from New England to Virginia. Its hosts are paper and yellow 
birches and beech. Adults are orange-red, about 4 mm. long, and 
covered with white wax. Females live and deposit eggs in cells in 
the bark. Young larvae crawl from these cells into lenticels and 
roughened spots on the bark to feed. Here, they lose their legs 
and produce a mass of wax around themselves, forming pearllike 
cells (645). Honeydew is excreted through hairlike tubes up to 2 
inches long. Large necrotic areas develop in infested areas on 
96 
