posure of dead, dry wood by fire, logging, or other forest opera- 
tions. In recent years, acid treatment to increase gum flow in 
naval stores operations has virtually eliminated dry faces, 
thereby greatly reducing the damage caused by the species. 
A number of other species of Buprestis are also encountered 
in eastern forests. A few of the more common ones and their 
hosts are as follows: B. striata (Fab.)—adult brown with green- 
ish reflections (breeds in dead branches of pine, hemlock, and 
bald cypress) ; B. lineata (Fab.)—adult medium-sized and dark, 
usually with brick-red to yellow longitudinal markings on the 
elytra (attacks longleaf, loblolly, pitch, and scrub pines) ; B. ru- 
fipes (Oliv.)—adult slender and dark green, with a long yellow 
basal patch and two cross bars of yellow on the elytra (infesta- 
tions occur around scars on elm, beech, hickory, oak, maple, 
yellow poplar, and sour gum); B. salisburyensis (Hbst.)—adult 
short, oval, and green with a tooth on the inner margin of each 
elytron (breeds in pitch pine) ; and B. maculipennis Gory—adult 
rather small and blackish, with a brassy tinge and scattered yel- 
low spots or patches on the elytra (attacks pine and hemlock). 
The genus Chrysobothris Esch. contains some of the most com- 
mon and injurious members of the family. The larvae are all 
borers in the wood of both deciduous and coniferous trees. All 
parts of the tree are attacked, from the roots to the twigs in 
the crown, but the majority of attacks occur on the main trunk. 
The adults are small to medium-sized and are usually not con- 
spicuously colored. The pronotum is usually wider than long and 
the scutellum is small and triangular. The elytra are rounded or 
angulate at the base and strongly converge posteriorally. The legs 
are robust, with the femora swollen at the middle. There usually 
is a large tooth on each front leg. Several species are very in- 
jurious, especially to young trees weakened by drought, defolia- 
tion, or other adverse factors. The genus has been revised by 
Fisher (253). 
The flatheaded apple tree borer, Chrysobothris femorata (Oliv.), 
one of the commonest and best known of the flatheaded borers 
in America, occurs throughout most of Canada and the United 
States. It attacks a wide variety of deciduous trees such as syca- 
more, silver maple, boxelder, black walnut, willow, white and 
black oaks, yellow poplar, elm, beech, hickory, hackberry, apple, 
and pear. The adult is oval, flattened, dark green bronze above, 
bright brassy beneath, and about 7 to 16 mm. long. The elytra 
are marked with two wavy, depressed light bands. Full-grown 
larvae are about 25 mm. long. 
Adults appear throughout the summer and feed on the foliage 
of their hosts, occasionally causing serious defoliation. Eggs are 
deposited under bark scales or in bark crevices on the main trunk 
or larger branches. The larvae bore into the bark and feed in the 
phloem and outer sapwood. Their tunnels are sometimes several 
inches long, especially in young trees. Tunnels in older trees are 
confined mostly to the thick inner bark. Mature larvae construct 
cells in the outer wood during late summer where they spend the 
winter and pupate the following spring. There is one generation 
per year (242). 
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