7. In twigs of poplars; mandible pointed ...... Oberea schaumi 
In shrubby plants; larvae boring down into base... 8 
Si nAisassSaitras GaSe ei eee See ee Oberea ruficollis 
In? SUMMA ee Sei SR: ED OR eae ee Oberea ocellata 
In shadbush and related plants .....000000....... Oberea myops 
Il. GALL MAKERS. 
The larvae of several species of Cerambycidae cause galls or 
swellings on the twigs or branches, along the trunk, or at the base 
of trees or shrubs. They may be found either in the swelling 
proper or in a mine above or below the gall. 
1. Galls on twigs and branches: 
On poplars and willows 
Pronotum with 4 impressed lines, the inner being 
darker* and obliques = Oberea ferruginea 
Pronotum with 2 impressed, parallel lines 
Saperda concolor; S. moesta 
On Crataegus 2 ee eee Saperda fayt 
On“Oakks * 3h Se Sarees aes hee aa enero rete Goes dibilis 
2. Galls on main stem or trunk: 
On“ willow. ee eee Oberea ferruginea 
On red maple te se ee hn ener Xylotrechus aceris 
3. Galls found at base: 
On alderae grec een eee apes, eminem er Oar aes Saperda obliqua 
On-elder,. 2s doa eae ..Desmocerus spp. 
III. BORERS IN THE BARK OF LIVING TREES. 
A few species of roundheaded borers are found in the bark 
proper of living trees. 
1. Larvae found only in the corky bark 
Ofrelmiee ss .cs.4 oh el ee ee Physocnemum brevilneum 
Ofte mulberry aise ek ee ce Elaphidion incertum 
Ofwihitecoak 2.008 ie ee Encyclops coerulea 
Of thick-barked rock oak or chestnut oak 
Enaphalodes cortiphagus 
2. Larvae bore into inner bark and often destroy the 
cambium 
In oaks and chestnut; at base or in crotches of 
branches in damp situations ........ Anoplodera nitens 
Trivashis. oh eae ee PET he Mea en Tylonotus bimaculatus 
IV. BORERS UNDER THE BARK OR IN THE WOOD 
OF LIVING TREES. 
This group contains some of the most destructive roundheaded 
borers. Some feed mostly beneath the bark, destroying the 
cambium; the majority riddle the sapwood and heartwood, seri- 
ously weakening the tree. 
1. Larvae feed gregariously; mines overlap and meander 2 
Larval mines essentiallyindividdal) ee). eee cme NSS 
2. In heartwood at base of large trees 
Pronotum shiny ...............Stenodontes and Archodontes 
Pronotum /asperaterii). Avg seh Oo eee Seen Parandra 
Beneath bark of firs, hemlocks, and larch ...... Tetropvum 
172 
