In or beneath bark of ash; at base of privet 
Tylonotus bimaculatus 
AG baseqOr poplarsy: ser) e2ee. Xylotrechus obliteratus 
Beneath bark and in wood of elm 
EFutetrapha tridentata 
Beneath bark and in wood of linden Saperda vestita 
3. Boring beneath the bark and then directly up through the 
wood; frass exuded through small hole in bark ................ 4 
Boring in branches or main stems; long tunnel through 
Centerson branch OF, Steers < Ge sie te eles i an i 
4. In main trunks or branches ......... EMC eee irk! Acs Mindiayy 5 
AMO ASC ten er me cm ee Pe er ee ag 6 
5. Head of larva longer than wide; fibrous frass exuded 
through holes in bark 
In fig trees and alder ..... she Sh ache Re ae a Neoptychodes 
In oak, beech, elm, and hickory _ PUM e Ls pel ted Deus 412) Goes 
In poplar usc tua? Gan) Sins teint Seine er Lee __ Saper da calcarata 
Head broader than HES granular frass exuded 
nmOak se emrieee Enaphalodes rufulus 
Iinwblack locust :2. sts ee be Megacyllene robiniae 
IMNGmMaplerw ee ee Glycobius speciosus 
6. In small oaks, Amelanchier, chestnut ......... Goes tessellatus 
In apple, Amelanchier, Crataegus, ete. 
Saperda candida 
In poplar: 
Pronotumeaspebate . 2.0 Saperda calcarata 
Pronotum veivety pubescent and brownish 
Plectrodera scalator 
7. Last segment of body horny; in mesquite 
Aneflus protensus 
V. BORERS IN ROOTS. 
The larvae of a few species of Cerambycidae are found in the 
roots of living trees and shrubs. Some are true root feeders, 
spending the entire larval stage in the roots; others spend only 
the later instars in roots, having previously bored in the stems 
above the ground. 
1. Larvae feeding entirely in roots or directly at the base 2 
Larvae feeding in roots, but stem above ground always 
tunneled some distance; in shrubs 0... 
2. In elder; sometimes causing swelling at ground surface; 
basal portion of stem often hollowed ............ Desmocerus 
In large hardwood trees or various shrubs... Prionus 
3. Mandible rounded at apex; pronotum smooth 
Aneflormorpha subpubescens 
Mandible pointed at apex; pronotum roughened with fine 
points 
im@sassairas) 3... Reerdh havinge. oi eres ah Heck _Oberea ruficollis 
IeSIINAC seer er tie sent, Het. tA Oberea ocellata 
In rhododendron and related plants _...... Oberea myops 
VI. BORERS BENEATH THE BARK OR IN THE WOOD 
OF RECENTLY FELLED TREES 
A number of species of cerambycids attack wood only when the 
bark is present and still rather fresh and green. Trees dying 
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