separate holes in the tree—a small elongate entrance hole which 
it keeps open for the expulsion of frass and a round hole made 
for the emergence of the adult. The life cycle requires from 3 to 
5 years, depending on locality. 
The white oak borer is a major pest of overcup oak in the 
bottom lands of Mississippi (679). Small trees down to one inch 
in diameter are attacked and seriously damaged. Trees growing 
on heavy clay soil with poor drainage, or where flooding is pro- 
longed into the growing season, are frequently infested. 
Goes pulcher (Hald.) the living-hickory borer, occurs in south- 
ern Canada and throughout eastern United States and breeds in 
the sapwood and heartwood of the trunk and branches of hickory. 
| The adult is dark brown and about 18 to 25 mm. long. Its body 
| is dark brown, covered with yellowish fine hair. The elytra are 
clay-yellow with dark bands across the base and the middle. Eggs 
| are laid in twig crotches and possibly at other places on the bark. 
| The larvae feed for awhile beneath the bark and then bore into 
the wood where they continue to feed for 2 to 4 years. Hickories 
growing in the Piedmont area of North Carolina are particularly 
prone to attack by this species. 
The oak sapling borer, Goes tesselatus (Hald.), occurs from 
Pennsylvania southward and in the Midwest where it usually 
breeds in the base and roots of small oak saplings, preferably 
white oak. Young chestnuts and shadbush are also attacked occa- 
sionally. The adult is dull brown, about 25 mm. long, and its body 
is covered with small patches of prostrate gray or yellowish fine 
hairs, occasionally arranged in rows. The larvae require 3 to 5 
years to complete their development. During this period they may 
completely hollow out the base of the tree and cause its death. 
Less seriously damaged trees often produce bulb-like swellings 
around the wounds at the ground line. These trees are subject 
to wind breakage. 
Goes pulverulentus (Hald.), the living-beech borer, breeds in 
the small trunks and branches of various hardwoods such as 
beech, oak, elm, and sycamore throughout eastern United States. 
The adult is brown, 18 to 25 mm. long, and its body is clothed with 
short, white hairs. The thorax has a sharp spine on each side, and 
the elytra are faintly barred at the middle and base with pale- 
brown fine hairs. The life cycle requires 3 to 4 years. 
Goes dibilis LeC., the oak branch borer, breeds in small, living 
branches of oak, often causing gall-like swellings, in eastern 
United States. Adults are brownish and from 11 to 19 mm. long. 
The head, thorax, and apical half of the elytra are clothed with 
reddish-yellow fine hairs. The elytra are crossed by two irregu- 
lar, brown bands, and each basal half is mottled with grayish 
hairs. The life cycle requires 2 to 3 years. 
Many species of the genus Neoclytus Thom. occur in eastern 
forests and attack both coniferous and deciduous trees. The larvae 
feed first beneath the bark, then bore into the sapwood and heart- 
wood, often completely riddling it with long mines tightly packed 
with frass. The adults are slender bodied beetles of medium size, 
with quite long legs and short and more or less clubbed antennae. 
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