COURTESY OF DUKE UNIV. SCH. OF FOREST. 
FIGURE 58.—Galleries of Neoclytus caprea, the banded ash borer. 
Note that tunnels are tightly packed with granular frass. 
clothed with a hairy covering. Felt (239) published a monograph 
on the genus. 
The poplar borer, Saperda calcarata Say, occurs throughout the 
United States and Canada, wherever poplar grows. Willows are 
also subject to attack. The adult is from 20 to 28 mm. long, 
grayish-black or reddish-brown, and densely clothed with gray 
and yellow fine hairs (fig. 60). There also are yellowish stripes on 
the thorax and orange-yellow markings on the wing covers. Full- 
grown larvae are creamy white and about 30 mm. long. 
Adults appear during the summer, feed on the bark of young 
twigs, and deposit their eggs in small slits cut in the bark, usu- 
ally in the middle third of the tree. The larvae bore into the 
inner bark and sapwood where they later spend the winter. In 
the spring, they bore into the sapwood and heartwood and feed 
there until they are mature. Attacked trees are characterized by 
the presence of swollen scars and holes in the trunk and larger 
branches. Each larva bores an opening out to and through the 
bark through which frass is expelled and sap exudes. Wet areas 
around these holes blacken and appear varnished. The life cycle 
requires 3 years in the North. In the Deep South it is shorter. In 
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