on the trunk (678). The smaller but related species, D. alterna- 
tum (Say) is commonly found in trees infested with the mulberry 
borer. 
Aneflormorpha subpuescens (LeC.) the oak-stem borer, occurs 
in the Eastern, Southeastern and Central States. It breeds in 
small living oak and chestnut seedlings from 14-inch to 1 inch 
in diameter, and occasionally in the branches of larger trees. The 
adult is narrow, elongate, light brown, clothed with semi-erect 
fine brown hairs, and about 17 mm. long (fig. 65). There is a stout 
spine on each of the third and fourth segments of female an- 
tennae, and the tips of the elytra are notched and bi-spinose. 
Eggs are deposited at leaf bases near the tops of seedlings and 
sprouts. The larvae bore into the center of the stem and tunnel 
downward, mining out the wood as they feed. Section after sec- 
tion of the stem is cut off as the larvae proceed toward the base. 
Frass is extruded through a single row of small holes cut through 
the bark to the outside. During late summer the full-grown larva 
burrows to the base of the main stem and often into a root. Here 
it constructs a pupal cell between two wads of fibrous frass. The 
stem is usually cut off at the ground line. There appears to be 
one generation per year. During certain years a high proportion 
of the oak seedlings in the Southeast are killed by this species. 
The black-horned pine borer, Callidium antennatum hesperum 
Csy., occurs throughout the United States and breeds in dead or 
COURTESY OF DUKE UNIV. SCH. OF FOREST. COURTESY OF DUKE UNIV. SCH. OF FOREST. 
FIGURE 64.—Doraschema wildii, the FIGURE 65.—Adult of Aneflormor- 
mulberry borer: Top, adult; bot- pha subpubescens, the oak-stem 
tom, damage by larvae. borer. 
194 
