is coarsely punctured, and the antennae are generally ringed with 
yellow. 
Additional eastern species of Anoplodera and their hosts include 
the following: A. minnesotana (Casey)—hickory, elm, black 
cherry, sourgum, and red spruce; A. vagans (Oliv.)—butternut, 
hickory, birch and pine logs; A. proxima (Say)—maple, hickory, 
basswood, and sourgum; A. nigrella (Say)—pines and spruce; 
A. mutabilis (Newm.) and A. vittata Oliv.—red spruce; and A. 
biforis (Newm.)—white pine. 
Phymatodes testaceus (L.), the tanbark borer, breeds in the 
bark of dead oak trees and occasionally in stored hemlock bark, 
in the Eastern and Central States. Adults are elongated, flattened 
and about 14 mm. long. Some are brownish-yellow or dark brown 
with lighter elytra and in some the thorax, abdomen, tibiae, and 
tarsi are reddish-yellow and the elytra, blue. The remainder are 
intermediate in color. The larvae feed within or beneath the bark 
and pupation occurs in the sapwood. Several years may be re- 
quired to complete the life cycle. Bark stored for tanning pur- 
poses is subject to heavy damage. P. dimidiatus Kyb. breeds in 
fir and spruce in the Northern States. Adults are about 11 mm. 
long, and dark brown, with a light brown band across the base 
of the elytra. P, varius (Fab.) breeds in or beneath the dead bark 
of hickory and oak and possibly in various conifers. The adult is 
light brown or dark brown to black and shiny. There are white 
bands on the elytra, and the adult borer is about 10 mm. long. 
Physocnemum andreae Hald., the cypress bark borer, breeds un- 
der the bark of girdled, felled, or dead cypress trees. The adult 
is reddish-brown and ranges in length from 11 to 21 mm. There 
is a curved white mark on each elytron, a small tubercle near the 
base of the thorax, and club-shaped femora. Eggs are deposited 
beneath bark scales, and the larvae feed beneath the bark, ex- 
cavating large mines that deeply scar the wood. Winter is spent 
in the larval stage, and pupation occurs in the spring. The spe- 
cies often causes serious losses to cypress trees felled or girdled 
during lumbering operations. Rustic work constructed from this 
wood is also subject to serious damage. Rapid utilization of gir- 
dled or felled trees and the storage of logs in ponds are effective 
control practices. 
Physocnemum brevilineum (Say), the elm bark borer, breeds in 
the corky bark of living elm trees in southern Canada and the 
Eastern and Central States (317). Adults are dark brown to 
black and about 17 mm. long. The elytra are frequently bluish 
with three longitudinal white marks. Eggs are deposited beneath 
bark scales. The larvae feed in the phloem, constructing meander- 
ing, frass-packed galleries. The bark over these galleries dies and 
falls off. P. violareipenne Hamilton breeds in the small branches 
of white oak in the Midwest. Adults are only about 9 mm. long; 
otherwise, they are very similar to those of the elm bark borer. 
Parandra brunnea (F.), the pole borer, occurs throughout much 
of the United States, and attacks a wide variety of hardwoods 
and conifers. Logs, poles, and other wood products in contact 
with the ground, such as cross-ties and structural timbers, are 
also infested. The adult is flat, shiny, mahogany-brown, and about 
18 mm. long. Full-grown larvae taper slightly toward the rear 
and are about 30 mm. long. 
oT 
