larvae feed entirely between the bark and wood, packing fibrous 
frass behind them. Pupation occurs in cells in the sapwood. The 
winter is spent as larvae or as adults. Rustic work constructed 
from improperly seasoned cedar and juniper is subject to attack 
and serious damage. The bark over damaged areas dries and 
peels off. 
Aneflus protensus LeC. attacks living mesquite in Texas and 
other Southwestern States. The adult is light or dark brown, has 
spines on the basal joints of the antennae and the tips of the 
elytra, and is from 20 to 30 mm. long. Eggs are deposited in 
bark crevices at the forks of small branches. The larvae bore into 
the branch and hollow it out. Frass is extruded through small 
holes in the bark. Black, watery liquid drips from these holes and 
stains the foliage and ground beneath. The interior of the larval 
mine is always stained black. Two years are required to complete 
ue life cycle. Infested branches and small trees are sometimes 
killed. 
Tetropium cinnamopterum Kby., the eastern larch borer, breeds 
beneath the bark of living and dead coniferous trees, especially 
larch, and occurs from coast to coast in southern Canada and the 
Northern States. The adult is oblong, somewhat flattened, brown 
to blackish, and about 12 mm. long. The eyes are completely 
divided into upper and lower lobes. The larvae feed gregariously 
beneath the bark, packing frass behind them in the mines. There 
is one generation per year in the United States. This was the 
most common cerambycid borer attacking windthrown spruce in 
the Adirondacks following a severe windstorm in 1950. 
Neoptychodes trilineatus (L.), the fig tree borer, breeds in the 
branches and trunks of living and dying fig trees in the Southern 
States. Alder is also attacked occasionally. The adult is gray ex- 
cept for small reddish-yellow spots on the body and white stripes 
on the elytra, and is about 18 to 25 mm. long. Eggs are deposited 
in small holes chewed through the bark. The larvae feed at first 
beneath the bark and then bore into the heartwood, where they. 
construct long tunnels. The life cycle usually requires several 
years. Infested branches and small trees are often killed. 
Tylonotus bimaculatus Hald., the ash and privet borer, breeds 
in a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, preferably ash 
and privet, in the Eastern and Central States. Adults are dark 
brown and from 12 to 18 mm. long. There are light spots on the 
wing covers and a median line and two small, shiny spots on the 
thorax. 
Eggs are deposited at the base of privet plants and beneath 
bark seales on living and dying ash trees during early summer. 
Young larvae feed in the phloem; later they penetrate deeper and 
sear the wood. Large branches of ash are usually attacked and 
killed before the trunk is attacked. Old, mature, and drought- 
ridden trees, especially those growing in parks and windbreaks, 
are killed gradually, branch by branch. Privet hedges are subject 
to severe damage. The larval stage extends over a period of 2 
years. 
Eneyclops coerulea (Say), the oak-bark scaler, bores in the 
outer bark of living white oaks, yellow-poplar, maple, sourgum, 
black ash, and pignut hickory in the Eastern States. The adult is 
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