late June. Damage to pulpwood can be reduced by piling it in the 
shade of standing trees or covering the piles with layers of slash 
1 to 2 feet thick. 
The Northeastern sawyer, Monochamus notatus (Drury), oc- 
curs in eastern Canada and in the Northeastern States, westward 
to the Great Lakes region, and breeds in dead and dying white 
pine and balsam fir and in windthrown red spruce. Adults are 
dark brown and up to 80 mm. long. The head and pronotum are 
irregularly clothed with fine white hairs; the elytra are covered 
with fine gray and white hairs arranged in the form of inter- 
rupted stripes. The female head is greatly flattened and elongated. 
The balsam fir sawyer, Monochamus marmorator Kby., breeds 
in balsam fir in eastern Canada and the Northeastern States, west 
to the Great Lakes region and south to North Carolina. Adults are 
dark brown, marbled with irregular bands of white and yellow, 
and from 18 to 25 mm. long. Recently felled trees are particularly 
attractive to them. M. carolinensis (Oliv.) breeds in dead and 
dying pines in the Southeastern States. Adults are only about 17 
mm. long, otherwise they are very similar in appearance to those 
of the southern pine sawyer. The spotted pine sawyer, M. macu- 
losus Hald., a common species in the far West, also occurs in 
eastern forests. It breeds in dead and dying pines. Adults are 
dark reddish to blackish with patches of fine yellowish hair, and 
are grout 16 mm. long. The tip of each elytron is prolonged into 
a tooth. 
Orthosoma brunneum (Forst.), the brown prionid, breeds in 
decaying coniferous and hardwood logs in southeastern Canada 
and throughout much of eastern United States. The adult is light 
brown, flattened, and from 25 to 50 mm. long. The pronotum is 
narrower than the elytra and has three sharp spines on each side. 
There are three fine, raised longitudinal lines on each elytron. 
The body of the larva is slightly tapering and shines with a lemon 
or yellowish tinge. 
Eggs are deposited from June to late summer in wood that has 
been dead for several years, especially in wood with very high 
moisture content and containing decay fungi. The larvae feed for 
2 to 3 years, packing their tunnels with coarse, fibrous frass. 
Cross-ties, structural timbers, poles, or other wood in contact 
with the ground may be severely damaged or destroyed. Damage 
can be prevented by keeping the wood dry or by treating it with 
a preservative before placing it in contact with the ground. 
Stenodontes dasytomus (Say), the hardwood stump borer, oc- 
eurs from Virginia southward and westward and breeds in the 
heartwood of living hardwood trees such as various oaks, syca- 
more, willow, and boxelder. Wood in contact with the ground is 
also attacked. The adult is a large, somewhat flattened, reddish- 
brown beetle from 30 to 45 mm. long. The head is large and the 
sides of the prothorax are armed with small, fine teeth. Eggs are 
deposited around wounds, particularly near the base of the tree, 
and the larvae bore into the heartwood. They feed there gregari- 
ously for 3 or 4 years, completely honeycombing the wood. Shade 
trees are sometimes weakened so badly that they break and fall 
during storms. Cross-ties and other wood products in contact with 
the ground are also subject to serious damage. 
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