and the sprouts of oak, sycamore, and walnut. The adult is stout, 
sluggish, brownish-gray with two black bands across the elytra, 
and about 4.5 to 7 mm. long. The snout is almost as wide as long, 
and the elytra are apparently fused. Eggs are deposited in folds 
at the margins of dead leaves or leaf fragments. The female then 
seals the free edge of the fold to the basal portions of the leaf, 
forming a pod in which the eggs are enclosed. When the eggs 
hatch, the larvae enter the soil and feed on the roots of their 
hosts. Adults feed at leaf margins, cutting out notches and caus- 
ing a ragged appearance. Infested plants are occasionally heavily 
defoliated by fall. 
Polydrusus impressifrons Gyll., an introduced species first re- 
corded in New York State in 1906, feeds on various hardwoods, 
chiefly willow, poplar, birch, and plum in New York and Connecti- 
cut, and possibly adjoining States. The adult is rather slender, 
uniformly light metallic green, and from 4 to 5.5 mm. long. Birch, 
poplar, apple, and pear appear to be preferred hosts. Adults occur 
on a much wider variety of trees, however, and probably feed on 
them to some extent. Eggs are deposited around scars and beneath 
loose flakes of bark in roughened areas. The cut ends of pruned 
branches and twigs of seedlings and young trees are especially 
attractive as oviposition sites. Young larvae drop to the soil, enter 
it and feed on the roots of their hosts or other plants. Pupation 
occurs in the soil, and the adults appear from mid-May to early 
June. They feed on developing buds, foliage, and succulent shoots. 
In heavy infestations, defoliation may be severe, and large 
numbers of succulent stems may be girdled and killed. Damage is 
usually most serious in nurseries (581). 
Thylacites incanus (L.), an introduced species, has been re- 
corded from Massachusetts and Long Island. Its hosts are various 
species of pine where the adults feed on the needles and the 
larvae, on the roots. Adults are brownish, with metallic reflec- 
tions, and are from 8 to 11 mm. long. This species is often a 
serious pest of pine and spruce in Europe. So far, it has not been 
very injurious in this country. 
The black vine weevil, Brachyrhinus sulcatus (Fab.), a prob- 
able introduction from Europe, is widely distributed in the 
Northern States. It feeds on a wide variety of plants, yew, arbor- 
vitae, and rhododendron, in particular. The adult is a brownish- 
black, flightless weevil, from 9 to 12 mm. long. The thorax is 
densely covered with rounded tubercles, each bearing a short 
hair, and the elytra are often speckled with white. The hindwings 
are reduced to mere pads. 
Winter is spent mostly in the larval stage, but also, to some 
extent, as pupae and adults at depths of 6 to 18 inches in the soil. 
Adults emerge from early May to late July and are present during 
the remainder of the season. Generally, they hide during the day 
beneath pieces of earth, stones, sticks, dried grass, or leaves on the 
ground, or beneath loose flakes of bark of their host. They feed at 
night by climbing up the stems and eating notches or holes in the 
margins of the leaves. Eggs are deposited on the ground in trash 
or among soil particles, under loose bark, or among the leaves of 
their hosts. The larvae enter the soil and feed on the roots of 
various plants. On woody plants, they feed first on the young 
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