Species of Cossoninae that attack and damage wood in build- 
ings deposit their eggs in crevices in the wood. Adults of certain 
species reattack the wood from which they emerge, thus intensify- 
ing the damage they’ve already caused. The more important eas- 
tern species are as follows: Hexarthrum ulket Horn—damages 
woodwork in old buildings, often reducing the wood to powder; 
Tomolips quericola (Boh.)—damages seasoned coniferous wood 
such as pine flooring and pecky cypress paneling; and Pselactus 
spadix (Hbst.)—occasionally damages damp wood beneath build- 
ings and salt water piling above the high water mark. 
A number of species of the genus Graphognathus, better known 
as white-fringed beetles, have been introduced into the Southern 
States in recent years. The adults feed on the foliage of hundreds 
of species of plants, including such tree species as pecan, hack- 
berry, black gum, poplar, black jack oak, hawthorn, and sassafras, 
but their damage is of minor importance. Most of the injury 
caused by this group results from larval feeding on the roots of 
plants. There are records of damage to tree seedlings in nurseries 
and fields. 
The female adult (no males have been found) is dark gray and 
about 21 mm. long. The body is densely covered with short pale 
hairs, with those on the elytra being somewhat the longest. The 
forewings are fused together on the inner margins, and the hind- 
wings are rudimentary, thus the beetle can’t fly. Eggs are de- 
posited in masses covered and held together by a sticky, gelatinous 
substance which hardens upon drying. They may be attached to 
plants or other objects at the ground line or in the soil, just below 
the surface. Winter is usually spent in the larval stage, and there 
is one generation per year (800). 
The black elm bark weevil, Magdalis barbita (Say), breeds in 
the trunks and branches of unhealthy, weakened elms from North 
Carolina to southern Canada. Adults are jet black, have long 
slender beaks, and are about 6 mm. long. They emerge in May or 
June and deposit their eggs in the bark. The larvae feed in the 
inner bark and sapwood, constructing galleries up to 114 inches 
long. Pupation occurs in oval cells just beneath the bark. There 
appears to be one generation per year. The bark of heavily in- 
fested trees may be literally peppered with small, circular, emer- 
gence holes. 
The red elm bark weevil, Magdalis armicollis (Say), occurs in 
the Eastern States and southern Canada and breeds in dying or 
recently dead elms or occasionally in dead branches of living, 
suppressed elms. The adult (fig. 83) is reddish and somewhat 
smaller than the adult of the black elm bark beetle. Eggs are 
deposited in punctures in the bark, often in groups around knots 
or at the bases of twigs. Larval tunnels usually radiate away 
from the egg laying site and follow the grain of the wood, scar- 
ring both the inner bark and the wood. Pupation occurs in cells at 
the end of the tunnels. There is one generation per year. 
Magdalis perforatas Horn. breeds in the dead and dying 
branches of pines from Canada to Florida. The adult is bluish- 
black, wedge-shaped, shiny, and from 4 to 6 mm. long. Eggs are 
deposited at or near the tips of branches. The larvae bore to the 
center of the stem and then tunnel through the pith toward its 
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