Several publications on the biology and control of the southern 
pine beetle have been issued. This material is reviewed by Dixon 
and Osgood (194) and Thatcher (707). 
The black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Oliv). oc- 
curs from New Hampshire to Florida, Missouri, and Texas. All 
species of southern pines and red spruce are attacked, but loblolly 
and slash pines apparently are the most seriously injured. The 
adult (fig. 88) is dark reddish-brown to black, and from 5 to 10 
mm. long. The head is densely granulate, roughly punctate, and 
convex in front. The pronotum and elytra are coarsely and shal- 
lowly punctate. Full-grown larvae are about 12 mm. long and are 
marked with brown tubercles along each side of the body. 
Winter is spent in the adult stage in the northern parts of the 
insect’s range. In the Deep South all life stages are present 
throughout the year. Eggs are laid in the basal parts and large 
roots of weakened and dying trees and in freshly cut stumps. 
Green logs are also attacked occasionally. The female bores a hole 
through the bark of the cambium. Here, she is joined by a male 
and, working together, they excavate an egg gallery as large as 
one inch wide and 20 inches long on the face of the sapwood, 
usually in a downward direction. Eggs are deposited in a linear 
group on one side of the gallery. The larvae feed away from the 
gallery in the phloem. They feed together in groups and excavate 
large cave-like galleries, usually somewhat fan-shaped, and occa- 
sionally up to one foot across. Before they become full grown 
they construct pupal cells either in corky bark or between the 
bark and wood. The adults emerge through holes chewed through 
the bark and fly to trees or stumps to start a new generation. 
Several may emerge through a single hole. There are two to 
three generations per year in the Deep South. 
ar D 
SS Ay, Zi 
5° 
e: ae eo A, 
Se nies 
Bs 
phe: 
> Mag = 
on pera cota 
Rt 
a re 
F-486343-D 
FIGURE 88.—Adult of the black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans. 
244 
