trees is not practicable, they may be sprayed to kill the broods 
(668). 
The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeC,, the larg- 
est species of the genus, occurs in southern Canada and Mexico, 
and in all the coniferous forests of continental United States ex- 
cept in the Southern Atlantic and Gulf Coast States. It attacks 
all species of pine within its range and, occasionally, spruce, true 
fir, Douglas-fir, and larch. The adult is light reddish-brown to 
dark brown and from 5.5 to 9 mm. long (fig. 90A). Full-grown 
larvae are marked with brown tubercles on each side of the body 
and are from 10 to 12 mm. long. The adult is frequently confused 
with lighter specimens of the black turpentine beetle, especially 
where the ranges of the two species overlap. 
The habits of the red turpentine beetle are very similar to those 
of the black turpentine beetle. It, too, usually attacks trees of 
reduced vigor, but can attack apparently healthy trees. Individual 
trees or groups of trees and fresh stumps are attacked most fre- 
quently. However, destructive populations may also develop in 
trees disturbed by logging, fire, or land clearing. Injured trees 
around construction sites or adjacent to piles of fresh lumber are 
infested frequently. Trees of pole size or larger are most sus- 
ceptible (664). 
In the colder parts of the insect’s range, the winter is spent 
chiefly in the adult stage, but also, to some extent, in the larval 
stage. In the warmer parts of its range, adults fly intermittently 
during the warmer, winter months. Attacks in standing trees are 
initiated by females boring through the bark to the wood, usu- 
ally in the basal 6 feet of the tree, but sometimes to a height 
above 12 feet. Like those of the black turpentine beetle, these 
attacks are characterized by the presence of pitch tubes on 
F-494425, 494422, 494420 
FIGURE 90.—Red turpentine 
beetle, Dendroctonus val- 
ens: A, adult; B, gallery 
with mass of eggs along 
the side; C, pitch tubes at 
base of pine. 
