COURTESY OF DUKE UNIV. SCH. OF FOREST. 
FIGURE 95.—Gallery of Ips calli- 
graphus on limb of a shortleaf 
pine. 
COURTESY OF DUKE UNIV. SCH. OF FOREST. 
FIGURE 96.—Gallery of Ips grandi- 
collis, the southern pine en- 
graver, on limb of loblolly pine. 
Note egg niches and incompleted 
larval mines. 
portions of the trunks by other species of Jps. Adults are attracted 
to freshly-cut and injured trees. Any disturbance that causes 
pitch flow may induce attack. Apparently healthy trees are also 
attacked occasionally. Spot-killing occurs at times among pines 
showing no evidence of previous injury or decreased vitality. 
261 
