long. In bark and sapwood. usually around wounds 
Sylvora acerni. 
(8) Maples (red and silver)—In small branches causing 
eallelikerswellings 4455 ce Carmento corni. 
(9) Persimmon—In solid wood of main stem or taproot, 
sometimes to a depth of 18 inches in the ground 
Sannia uroceriformis. 
(10) Poplar and willow——Head brownish; body white and 
about 12 mm. long. In roots, trunks, or large 
limbs. Extensive burrows and swellings 
Aegeria apiformis. 
(11) Rhododendron, laurel, azalea—Yellow-white and 
about 12 mm. long. Under the bark of twigs, 
branches, and stems ...Synanthedon rhododendri. 
(12) Pines (various species)—See 32(11) for description. 
In branches and stems .....Dioryctria zimmermani. 
(13) Pines (White, pitch) and spruce—White to pink and 
about 62 mm. long when full-grown. In the inner 
bark or sapwood. Pitch masses 75 to 100 mm. in 
diameter at entrance hole............... Vespamima pint. 
FAMILY PAPILIONIDAE 
SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES 
Swallowtail butterflies are of considerable interest to many 
people because of their large size and striking appearance; other- 
wise, they are of minor importance. The adults are distinguished 
by the wavy margins and tail-like prolongations of the hindwings; 
the larvae, by the protrusive, bright-colored forked processes 
rising from the first thoracic segment. They also emit a disagree- 
able odor when disturbed. 
The tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus L., occurs commonly in 
eastern North America. The caterpillars feed on various decidu- 
ous trees such as ash, birch, basswood, cherry, and poplar. Full- 
grown larvae are dark green and about 37 mm. long. The third 
thoracic segment is enlarged and marked on each side by a large, 
yellow spot. This spot is edged with black and encloses a small, 
purple spot which is also edged with black. The posterior part of 
the first abdominal segment bears a transverse, yellowish ridge, 
edged posteriorally with black. The caterpillar spins a silken mat 
upon the surface of the leaf which usually causes the leaf to fold 
lengthwise. Resting caterpillars are found inside this fold. Trans- 
formation to the chrysalis usually takes place on some object 
above the ground. 
The spice-bush swallowtail, Papilio troilus L., occurs throughout 
the eastern part of the United States and its principal food plants 
are spicebush and sassafras. Full-grown larvae are about 37 mm. 
long. The body is widest in diameter at the third thoracic segment. 
The head and venter are pink, the dorsum pea-green, the sides 
yellowish, and there is a transverse black line on the prothorax. 
The third thoracic and first abdominal segments each bear 
two orange spots. Those on the thorax have black centers. Six 
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