Leschenaultia fulvipes (Bigot). H. lucina Hy. Edw. feeds princi- 
pally on Spiraea latifolia, but also on wild black cherry, gray 
birch, and oak in the Northeast. H. nevadensis Stretch, the Ne- 
vada buck moth, has been reported feeding on poplar and willow 
in Nebraska and Oklahoma. 
FAMILY CITHERONIIDAE 
ROYAL MOTHS 
Royal moths are medium-sized to large, with stout bodies and 
large, strong wings. The head is generally sunken in the pro- 
thorax, and the male antennae are feathery for only a little more 
than half their length. The larvae are armed with horns or spines, 
and some are thinly hairy. The horns or spines on the second and 
sometimes third segments are long and usually curved. The larvae 
feed on the foliage of various trees, and they pupate in the ground 
without forming cocoons. 
The spiny oakworm, Anisota stigma (F.), feeds on oak and 
hazelnut from southern Canada and New England to Georgia 
and Kansas. The adult has a wing expanse of about 50 mm. Its 
forewings resemble those of the orange-striped oakworm, but 
differ in being darker, more speckled, and having the outer por- 
tion often tinged with lilac. Full-grown larvae are about 387 to 
50 mm. long. The body is tawny, often tinged with rose or pink. 
It is covered with tiny ivory-white specks, denticles, or granules, 
and is marked with single dorsal and lateral stripes. There are 
two long, curved spines on the second thoracic segment. The 
remaining segments bear backward-pointing spines. 
Adults are present in June and July and the larvae from July 
to September. The winter is passed as a pupa in the ground, and 
there is one generation per year. This species is normally not 
very abundant, but outbreaks have been recorded, some of which 
covered hundreds of acres. 
The orange-striped oakworm, Avnisota senatoria (J. EK. Smith), 
feeds on various oaks from eastern Canada to Georgia and west- 
ward to Minnesota, Iowa, and Texas. The adult has a wingspread 
of 37 to 62 mm., and its thick body is covered with yellowish-red 
hairs. The forewings are orange-purple and are marked with an 
oblique band, a white spot, and numerous black dots. The hind- 
wings of the male are distinctly triangular and only about two- 
thirds as long as the body. Full-grown catrpillars are black, with 
eight longitudinal orange-yellow stripes on the dorsum and sides, 
and the caterpillars are about 50 mm. long. There is a pair of 
black, slender, stiff, erect, blunt, recurved spines on the second 
thoracic segment. Each succeeding segment bears a number of 
small, sharp, black spines (fig. 108). 
Adults appear during June or July and deposit their eggs in 
clusters of several hundred eggs each on the undersides of leaves. 
Young larvae feed in groups on each side of the leaf, consuming 
everything but the veins. Older larvae are less gregarious and 
are often seen crawling around on lawns or the sides of houses, 
or feeding singly on the foliage of their host. During September 
300 
tertile an amend meme aaiainiiieal 
