The genus Cerura is represented in eastern forests by C. bore- 
alis (Bdv.), C. occidentalis Lint., C. cinerea Wlkr., and C. multi- 
scripta Riley. The first feeds on aspen, willow, and black cherry; 
the last three on aspen and willow. Notodonta simplaria Graef. 
also feeds on aspen and willow. Misogada wnicolor (Pack.) occurs 
on sycamore, and Hyparpax aurora (J. E. Smith) and H. pero- 
phoroides (Stecker) are found on oak. 
FAMILY LYMANTRIIDAE 
TussockK MOTHS 
This family includes some of the most serious tree defoliators 
in the United States. The female moths of certain species are 
wingless; others, though winged, are so heavy bodied that they 
are either unable to fly, or can fly for only short distances. The 
remainder are strong fliers. The females of some species pack and 
cover their eggs with their abdominal hairs; others coat their 
eggs with a viscid secretion which hardens and forms a protec- 
tive covering. The hairs of certain species are poisonous in all 
stages to man when they come into contact with skin. The larvae 
of our native species also bear conspicuous tufts of hairs on top 
of certain body segments. 
The rusty tussock moth, Orgyia (=Notolophus) antiqua (Linn.), 
an introduced species, occurs throughout southern Canada and in 
the northern part of the United States. Its hosts include scores 
of species of both deciduous and coniferous trees. The male adult 
is rusty colored. The forewings are crossed by two darker bands 
and each bears a conspicuous white spot near the border. Females 
are gray and wingless. Full-grown larvae are about 28 mm. long 
and have black heads and dark-gray bodies. The second abdominal 
segment bears a black hair pencil on each side, and there are 
reddish-orange tubercles bearing hairs. The. tufts on the pro- 
thorax and abdomen are similar to those on the larvae of the 
white-marked tussock moth. The female deposits her eggs in a 
single-layered, naked mass on the cocoon from which she emerges. 
There are one and possibly two generations per year north to 
New England. This species is sometimes abundant locally. Con- 
spicuous defoliation has been recorded in Canada. 
The white-marked tussock moth, Hemerocampa leucostiqma (J. 
E. Smith), occurs commonly throughout eastern United States 
and eastern Canada and feeds on a wide variety of deciduous and 
coniferous trees. Preferred species appear to include the follow- 
ing: apple, basswood, elm, and poplar; Norway, silver, and syca- 
more maples; sycamore, paper, and yellow birches; larch; and bal- 
sam fir. The female adult is wingless, grayish to light-brown, 
hairy, and about 12 mm. long. Males are ashy-gray and have fully- 
developed wings, spanning about 30 mm. The forewing has a con- 
spicuous, white spot near the anal angle, and is marked with dark 
wavy bands. Full-grown larvae (fig. 122) have coral-red heads 
and thoracic shields, yellow to cream-colored bodies, and are 
about 25 to 37 mm. long. There is a pair of upright pencils of 
black hairs on the prothorax and another black tuft on the eighth 
abdominal segment. There are also brush-like tufts of white or 
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