yellow stripe down the middle of the venter. There is a pair of 
prolegs, one on each of the eighth and anal segments. 
Spring cankerworms do not spin cocoons but spend most of the 
winter as larvae in cells in the soil. Pupation occurs in late win- 
ter, and the adults appear about the time frost leaves the ground 
in early spring. Female moths crawl up the trunks of trees and 
deposit loose clusters of 100 or more eggs in bark crevices or 
under bark scales on the trunk or branches. Hatching occurs by 
early May and the larvae become full-grown by early June. Then 
they drop to and enter the soil where they remain until late 
winter or the following spring. Like the fall cankerworm, this 
species is an important pest of shade trees and in forested areas. 
Fall and spring cankerworm populations are normally kept 
under control by natural control factors. Outbreaks often occur, 
however, over large areas. Isolated trees can be protected by 
placing sticky bands around the trunks so as to prevent female 
moths from climbing them to lay their eggs. (724). 
The linden looper, Hrannis tiliaria Harr., occurs in southeast- 
ern Canada and throughout eastern United States. The larvae 
feed on the foliage of a wide variety of hardwoods, especially 
basswood, elm, hickory, maple, oak, birch, and apple. The female 
adult is light gray to brownish, wingless, about 12 mm. long, and 
is marked with black spots on the sides and back. Male moths 
have fully developed wings with an expanse of about 42 mm. The 
forewings are buff-colored and marked with two transverses, 
wavy brown bands and a sprinkling of brownish dots. Full-grown 
larvae (fig. 130) are bright yellow, have rusty brown heads, and 
10 wavy black lines running down the dorsum. They are about 
Semin One. 
COURTESY CONN. AGR. EXPT. STA. 
FIGURE 130.—Larvae of the 
linden looper, Erannis tili- 
aria. 
