7 ee Ae se i ee ee Lee 
pine plantations may be severe. Areas planted entirely during a 
1- or 2-year period suffer much less damage than areas planted in 
small blocks over a period of several years (7232). 
Petrova houseri Miller attacks shortleaf pine in Ohio, West 
Virginia, and Georgia. The adult is dark gray with light and dark 
brown areas, has brown, fringed hindwings, and a wingspread of 
about 12 mm. Prior to its description as a new species (525), its 
damage had been attributed to the pitch twig moth. 
The larvae feed in the inner bark of current shoots, usually 
girdling them. Pitch blisters forming over the entrance holes, 
average about one-half inch in diameter. Usually, there is only 
one blister per shoot, and it is situated away from a branch node. 
Toward the end of summer, the larva bores down to the pith 
where it spends the winter. Activity is resumed in the spring, and 
the larva tunnels toward the base of the shoot for a distance of 
about 1 inch. Pupation occurs beneath the blister. There is one 
generation per year. Infested shoots usually turn reddish brown, 
die, and eventually break off. The braconid, Agathis pint (Muese- 
beck), is an important parasite of the species. 
The eye-spotted bud roth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), an in- 
troduced species, occurs from coast to coast in the Northern 
States and southern Canada and south to North Carolina. Its 
hosts are hawthorn, larch, laurel, oak, and several species of fruit 
trees. The adult is dark, ashy gray, with a large irregular whitish 
median band on the forewing and has a wingspread of 12 to 16 
mm. 
Adults appear in June and early July and lay their eggs on the 
undersides of leaves. Young larvae feed for a short time on the 
leaves and then migrate to young twigs where they spin tiny 
silken hibernaculae in which to spend the winter. Feeding is re- 
sumed in the spring on opening buds and unfolding leaves. These 
are bound together with silk. Pupation occurs in June in silk- 
lined cocoons. There is one generation per year (571). This spe- 
cies is most important as an orchard pest. 
Eucosma gloriola Heinrich, the white-pine shoot borer, is widely 
distributed in the Northeastern and Lake States and southern 
Canada. Its hosts are eastern white, jack, red, Scotch, Austrian, 
and mugho pines. The adult is coppery-red, with two shining gray 
transverse bands on the forewings, and has a wingspread of 
15 to 18 mm. 
Eggs apparently are laid on needle sheaths on new shoots or 
laterals during May or early June. Young larvae bore into the 
pith a few inches above the node of the new shoot and construct 
tunnels several inches long toward the tip. Infested shoots are 
eventually girdled from the inside (209). The full-grown larva 
bores a hole to the outside through which it escapes and drops 
to the ground. There it spins a cocoon in the litter or just below 
the soil surface in which it pupates. Winter is spent in the pupal 
stage (132). 
The white-pine shoot borer is a serious pest of young jack pines 
in the Lake States and Ontario and in white, red, and Scotch pine 
plantations in New York and Pennsylvania. Infested terminals 
bend over or break off. Damaged laterals turn yellow, then red, 
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