black locust throughout eastern United States and in parts of 
southern Canada. It also occurs in Colorado, Arizona, and Cali- 
fornia. The adult has a wingspread of about 20 to 25 mm. The | 
forewings are dark, ashy-brown with large, dull, pinkish-white | 
patches on their outer parts. There are also several small, blackish 
spots near the middle of each of the patches. Full-grown larvae | 
are reddish to straw yellow with a darker dorsal line and are | 
12 to 20 mm. long. 
Adults are present from early May to the end of June and 
again from July to October. The larvae are twig or stem borers, 
and cause the formation of elongate galls up to 3 inches long. 
Winter is passed as a mature larva in a cocoon among the leaves 
on the ground. In heavily infested areas, seedling mortality may 
be high. A high percentage of the twigs on larger trees also may 
be damaged. 
Other olethreutids likely to be encountered in eastern forests 
and their hosts are as follows: Hedi« chionosema (Zell.)—haw- 
thorn, occasionally red oak and mountain-ash; Exartema per- . 
mundanum Clem.—hickory; FE. quadrifidwm—wild cherry; 
Sciaphila duplex (Wlshm.)—poplar; Epinotia similana (Hbn.)— 
gray birch; E. lindana (Fern.)—alternate-leaved and flowering 
dogwood; and Griselda radicana Heinrich—various conifers, 
principally white spruce and balsam fir. 
FAMILY PHALONIIDAE 
The moths of this family resemble those of the families Oleth- 
reutidae and Tortricidae. Only one eastern species is worthy of 
mention. 
Phalonia rutilana (Hbn.) is an introduced species first re- 
corded in this country in 1878. Its present distribution seems to 
be limited to southern Canada and from New England to New 
Jersey and Indiana. Its host plants are various junipers, especially 
Juniperus communis on which it is often abundant. The adult is 
yellowish and has a wingspread of 10 mm. There are red markings 
on the head, thorax and forewings, those on the wings occurring 
as four broad cross bands. The larvae spin webs on the foliage, 
tying the needles together and forming tubes in which they live 
and feed. Pupation takes place on the tree in the webbing. The 
foliage of heavily infested trees may turn brown. 
FAMILY TORTRICIDAE 
LEAF ROLLER MOTHS 
Members of this family eat the foliage of a wide variety of 
coniferous and deciduous trees of all sizes and ages. Many species 
are important pests, some extremely so. The larvae either fold or 
roll individual leaves or parts of leaves or tie several leaves or 
shoots together forming enclosures in which to rest and feed or 
from which they move out to feed. The adults are usually small 
and have wide, oblong, fringed wings. The wing expanse is usu- 
ally 25 mm. or less and appear bell-shaped while folded. The 
larvae are usually some shade of green, seldom more than 25 mm. 
long, and they pupate in flimsy silken cocoons. Just before the 
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