a wingspread of 12 mm. The forewings are marked with blackish 
spots and dots, and the hindwings are fringed. The larva is 
greenish, sometimes with a brownish tinge, and is about 6 mm. 
long. Adults are present from early June to mid-July. The larvae 
feed for the rest of the summer and fall. They mine the leaves 
and web them together, forming broad, flat nests. A nest may 
contain six or eight mined leaves where the larvae spend the 
winter. Feeding is resumed in the spring, and pupation occurs in 
late spring or early summer. There is one generation per year. 
Local outbreaks occur occasionally. 
Coleotechnites (=—Recurvaria) thujaella (Kft.), occurs from 
New Jersey to New Brunswick and westward to Saskatchewan, 
in Canada. The larvae are leaf miners on arborvitae. The adult is 
creamy white with heavy dustings of black and brown scales and 
has a wingspread of about 9 mm. There are three oblique blackish 
bands, a number of costal and terminal dots, and a shaded apical 
region on each forewing. Eggs are deposited from late June to 
early August between scale-like leaves on growing tips. The 
larvae bore into the tips and mine along the twigs, causing the 
foliage to turn brown. Winter is spent in the larval stage in a 
mine, and there is one generation per year. Ornamental arbor- 
vitae is subject to serious injury. 
Coleotechnites (=Recurvaria) piceaella (Kft.) occurs com- 
monly from Maine to Colorado and from the Maritime Provinces 
to Alberta in Canada. Its hosts are white, Colorado blue, Engel- 
mann, Norway, red, and black spruces. The adult is light gray 
and has a wingspread of 10 to 18 mm. The head and thorax are 
pale yellow to whitish. The forewings are buff or ochreous near 
the base, shading to fuscous at the apex, and are marked with 
dark gray, diagonal crossbands and a few conspicuous black 
spots. The hindwings are broad and gray with a silvery sheen; 
the abdomen and legs are ochreous, sprinkled with gray. Full- 
grown larvae are reddish to cinnamon brown and about 8 mm. 
long. 
Adults are active from June to late July, depending somewhat 
on season and locality. Eggs are laid singly or, rarely, in groups 
of two or three either between the axils of current year’s needles, 
in insect-damaged or mechanically-damaged needles, in insect- | 
damaged cones, or in spent staminate flowers. Some also may be 
deposited at the base of needles or inserted between the scales of 
sound cones. The larvae feed as miners in healthy needles, in 
needles and cones damaged by other insects, in spent staminate 
flowers, and in dead needles on shoots damaged by late spring 
frosts (494). Winter is spent in the larval stage, and there is one 
generation per year. Damage is usually not very injurious, but 
may be important on ornamentals. 
Other eastern species in the genus Coleotechnites include C. 
juniperella (Kft.) which mines the needles of red cedar and 
common juniper in the Northeastern States; C. dorsovittella 
(Zell.) which feeds on sweetgum; and C. variella (Chambers) 
which feeds on cypress. Heavy infestations of the latter species 
have killed the top 2 or 3 feet of cypresses up to 20 feet tall in 
Ohio. 
The pine needle miner, EH'xoteleia pinifoliella (Chambers), oc- 
curs in southeastern Canada and south to Georgia and Texas. 
391 
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