occurs in the flowers or shoots of the tree. There is one generation 
per year (459). 
Larval feeding stunts the growth of new shoots, giving the 
branches of infested pines a tufted look. Infestations in Ontario 
have been reported on pines from 10 to 25 feet tall. 
Anacampsis nnocuella (Zeller) occurs in southern Canada and 
from Massachusetts to Colorado and Texas. The larva is a leaf- 
roller on poplars, willow, and cherry. The adult is ash-gray or 
slightly darker and has a wingspread of 18 to 22 mm. A pale, 
wavy, transverse line crosses the forewing well beyond the 
middle. Behind it, the color darkens and there are three dots in 
the cells and two in the fold. The larva is translucent green. 
Larval feeding and leaf rolling begin in Ohio about the time 
the leaves of bigtooth aspen begin to develop. Prior to pupation 
in May or June, the larva severs the petiole of the rolled leaf, 
causing it and the enclosed larva to drop to the ground. Rolls 
containing two or more leaves tend to remain on the tree. Adults 
appear during the last half of June. It is believed that winter is 
spent in the egg stage on twigs of the host (523). 
Anacampsis rhoifructella (Clem.) feeds on Viburnum and 
sumac in the Northeastern States. The adult is grayish-brown 
and has a wingspread of 15 mm. Markings on the forewings re- 
semble those on A. innocuella. Larvae are pale brown to dark 
brownish-red. On sumac, they live in silken galleries within fruit 
clusters in the spring and feed in the fruit spikes. 
The palmerworm, Dichomeris ligulellus (Hbn.), occurs in Can- 
ada and in the Northern States from Maine to Minnesota. Its 
hosts are various hardwoods such as apple, plum, pear, cherry, 
hazel, basswood, and oak. Full-grown larvae are greenish and 
translucent, and about 12 to 15 mm. long. There is a pair of 
narrow, whitish lines down the back, and a wider one runs along 
each side. 
Eggs are laid on the undersides of leaves in early spring. The 
larvae feed on and skeletonize the leaves, either in exposed posi- 
tions or within folded or rolled leaves. Pupation occurs either in 
these rolls or in ground litter. Adults appear during July or 
August and apparently live until the following spring. Although 
most important as a pest of apple orchards, this species is capable 
of seriously defoliating oak during outbreaks. 
The juniper webworm, Dichomeris marginellus D. & S., an in- 
troduced species, occurs in many eastern and western states and 
in southern Canada. Its hosts include various species of Juniperus, 
such as Irish juniper, common juniper, and red cedar. The adult 
is brownish with white front and rear margins of the forewings, 
and has a wingspread of 15 mm. Full-grown larvae are light 
brown and from 12 to 15 mm. long. 
Adults are present during June and July, and deposit their 
eggs in leaf axils of new growth. Newly-hatched larvae feed first 
as needle miners, entering the upper surface of the needle near 
the axil. Mined needles turn brown and die. Dead needles are in- 
corporated in webbing constructed between branchlets. Larvae 
continue to use mined needles as protective retreats while de- 
veloping. During July, larvae crawl] from primary mined needles 
and feed on adjacent needles, eventually constructing silken tubes 
393 
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