of each. The larvae feed in mines which they extend along main 
branches and branchlets. Winter is apparently spent in the mine 
as a full-grown, yellowish-green to green larva, and there is one 
generation per year. Pupation takes place in cocoons spun on 
leaves or branches in the spring. Damage to ornamentals and 
nursery seedlings appears to be less than that caused by the re- 
lated species, A. thuiella. A. auveoargentella Brower also attacks 
arborvitae. It resembles A. freyella except that its cocoons are 
whiter and larger. 
The arborvitae leaf miner, Argyresthia thuiella (Pack.), feeds 
on arborvitae throughout much of the same areas as that occu- 
pied by A. freyella. The adult is light gray to white and has a 
wingspread of about 8 mm. The forewings are marked with brown 
and there is a black spot in the middle edge of the distal end of 
each. The larva is about 3 mm. long. The head and cervical shield 
are shiny black, the body is green with a reddish tinge, and the 
legs and anal plate are black. Adults appear from late May to 
mid-July, and the female deposits her eggs in the axils of branch- 
lets or along the edges of leaves. Newly-hatched larvae bore into 
th leaves and feed in them as miners for the rest of the season. 
Winter is spent in the larval stage in the mine and pupation and 
adult emergence occurs in the spring. Outbreaks in Maine have 
severely damaged forest stands of arborvitae. Damage to orna- 
mentals and nursery seedlings is often serious. Heavily defoliated 
trees may be killed (107). Silver (647) discussed arborvitae leaf 
miners in New Brunswick. 
Larvae of the apple fruit moth, Argyresthia conjugella Zell., 
bore in the fruit of mountain ash, shadbush, Crataegus, apple, 
plum, and cherry in the Northeast. The adult is dark gray and 
has a wingspread of 10 to 12 mm. The forewings are dark gray, 
very slender, crossed by black and silver-white bands and each 
bears a yellowish-white spot on the outer margin. A. laricella Kft. 
larvae bore in the shoots of larch in southern Canada and the 
Lake States. 
The ailanthus webworm, Atteva aurea (Fitch), feeds on the fo- 
liage of ailanthus throughout the Southern States and north to 
New York and the Lake States. The adult is orange to brownish | 
and has a wingspread of 25 to 30 mm. The forewings are bright 
yellow, and each one has four rows of round yellow spots on a 
blue background. The larvae feed on leaves enclosed in frail, 
silken webs. This species is often common in the South. Zelleria 
haimbachi Busck feeds rather commonly on jack pine in southern 
Ontario. It may occur in the Lake States. 
FAMILY HELIOZELIDAE 
SHIELD BEARERS 
Shield bearer moths are rather small and have lanceolate 
wings. The larvae are strongly flattened and spend most of their 
lives mining the leaves of their hosts. 
The tupelo leaf miner, Antispila nyssaefoliella Clem., feeds on 
tupelo throughout the eastern part of the United States. The adult 
is dark brown and has a wingspread of 7 to 8 mm. The pale green 
403 
