develop and may reach a length of 5 inches by the time the larvae 
are full-grown. Winter is spent as mature larvae in cells in the 
soil, and pupation occurs in the spring. There is one generation 
per year (802). 
Acantholyda_ circumcincta (Klug) has been recorded from 
Georgia and Florida. During 1968, it defoliated approximately 
100 acres of sand pine in Florida. 
Additional eastern species of Acantholyda, along with known 
hosts and known areas of distribution, include the following: 
A. apicalis Westw.—loblolly pine (in North Carolina, Mississippi, 
and Florida) ; A. pint Rohwer—red pine (in southern Canada and 
from New York to North Carolina) ; A. angulata (MacGillivray) 
—white, pitch, jack, Austrian, and Japanese red pines (from 
southeastern Canada and Maine to Pennsylvania and Minnesota) ; 
A. luteomaculata (Cresson)—white and jack pines, preferably 
white (in southeastern Canada and from New Hampshire and 
Massachusetts to Ohio and Minnesota); A. maculiventris (Nor- 
ton) —balsam fir and white spruce (in southern Canada and from 
Maine to North Carolina). 
Cephalcia fascipennis (Cresson) occurs in Canada, Maine, New 
Hampshire, and West Virginia. Its hosts are listed as blue and 
white spruce. Full-grown larvae have a black head and thorax 
and a green body. They are about 25 mm. long. Ornamental 
spruce and hedges are sometimes rendered unsightly by the pres- 
ence of larval nests (224). C. fulviceps (Rohwer) feeds on jack 
and red pines in southern Canada, New Hampshire, Connecticut, 
and New Jersey. C. marginata Middlekauff feeds on young red 
pines in Quebec, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Penn- 
sylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Daviault (182) discussed 
its life history. 
The plum web-spinning sawfly, Neurotoma inconspicua (Nor- 
ton), occurs in southeastern Canada and from New England to 
Montana in the United States. Its hosts are listed as hawthorn 
and various wild plums and wild cherries. The adults are black 
with supraocular spots, their wings are hyaline with faint bands 
beneath the stigma, and their legs are mostly reddish brown be- 
yond the coxae. The larvae are gregarious and web together the 
foliage (the webs are somewhat similar to those of the fall web- 
worm). Heavily infested trees no more than 6 feet tall may 
support up to 25 webs, some of which may enclose entire branches. 
Such trees may be completely defoliated. 
Neurotoma fasciata (Norton) occurs in southern Canada, and 
in the Eastern States from New Hampshire to Florida, westward 
to Illinois and Michigan. Its hosts are listed as wild black and pin 
cherries. The full-grown larva has a shiny black head and pro- 
thoracic plates and a deep green body, and is about 18 mm. long. 
The larvae are gregarious and construct dirty, brown nests on 
the branches and shoots of young trees especially. Larvae over- 
winter in cells in the soil. Some of these larvae pupate in the 
spring. The remainder do not pupate until late fall or the follow- 
ing spring. The related species, N. crataegi Middlekauff, feeds on 
hawthorn from Massachusetts to Michigan and Illinois. 
435 
