F-486626 
FIGURE 179.—Large pines defoli- 
ated and killed by Neodiprion 
taedae linearis, the Arkansas 
pine sawfly. 
needles, one to three eggs per needle, during June or July. The 
larvae are gregarious and feed primarily on old foliage, usually 
on exposed trees during July and August, until they become ma- 
ture and drop to the ground. There is one generation per year 
(48). 
Several outbreaks have occurred in jack pine stands in Ontario 
and Quebec, and heavy tree mortality has occurred. Furthermore, 
practically all surviving mature trees over many square miles 
remained stag-headed for several years. Some of the most severe 
infestations in the Lake States have occurred in jack pine planta- 
tions and windbreaks. Aerial application of a polyhedral virus 
spray provided satisfactory control for at least one year in tests 
conducted in Quebec (654). 
The red-pine sawfly, Neodriprion nanulus nanulus Schedl, oc- 
curs in many Northeastern States west to Wisconsin and in 
southeastern Canada west to Saskatchewan. Its favored hosts are 
red and jack pines, but it also feeds on white, Japanese red, and 
mugho pines. Full-grown larvae are dull grayish-green to black 
on top, greenish-white beneath, and about 18 mm. long. The head 
is black and two olive-green stripes run down the back to a 
darker area near the rear end. There are two longitudinal dark 
stripes on each side, with the upper one a little darker than the 
lower one. 
Winter is spent in the egg stage. Hatching occurs in early May, 
and larvae are present until July or August, depending on loca- 
tion. They are gregarious and usually consume all of the mature 
needles from one branch before migrating to another. Mature 
larvae drop to the ground and spin cocoons in the duff. Adults 
445 
