halcyon (Norton)—shadbush in the Northeastern States and 
southeastern Canada, H. pallipes MacGillivray—shadbush in the 
Lake States, H. lactetpennis Rohwer—choke cherry in southeast- 
ern Canada and the Northern States, and H. montanicola Rohwer 
—choke cherry in the Northern States and southern Canada. 
The genus Anoplonyx Marlatt contains only eight species, two 
of which occur in eastern United States and Canada. The larvae 
of all species feed on various species of larch. Full-grown larvae 
of the two eastern species, A. canadensis Harrington and A. lu- 
teipes (Cresson), are green in color and range in length from 
about 9 to 15 mm. The thorax is larger than the abdomen, pro- 
ducing a humpbacked appearance and causing the body to taper 
posteriorally (932). 
The genus Huura Newman is represented in eastern United 
States and Canada by 16 species, and all are gall makers on 
various species of willow. Larvae are usually yellowish or green- 
ish-white with black eye spots, and the head is often tinted 
brown. All species apparently have one generation per year. Win- 
ter is spent as full-grown larvae either in cocoons in the ground 
or in galls on the host. Adults appear in the spring and lay their 
eggs in the shoots. Larvae feed on the tissues and become en- 
veloped in galls. When they become full grown, some of them 
vacate the galls and drop to the ground to pupate; others remain 
inside their galls. Galls usually consist of a somewhat woody 
swelling of the twig. Sometimes an entire shoot is enlarged. In 
other cases, the gall appears as an abrupt swelling on one side 
of the shoot. These galls may cause economic loss when they occur 
where normal twig development of willow is important. 
The genus Macremphytus MacGillivray is represented in east- 
ern forests by five species all of which feed as larvae on dogwood. 
Full-grown larvae are creamy-yellow on top with grayish-black 
crossbands or spots, and the legs and venter are yellowish. The 
head is shiny black, and the body is covered with a white pow- 
dery secretion. 
SUPERFAMILY SIRICOIDEA 
FAMILY SIRICIDAE 
HORNTAILS 
Members of the family Siricidae are commonly known as horn- 
tails because of the presence of a hornlike projection on the last 
abdominal segment of the adult. This process is short in the male; 
in the female it is much longer and often spear-shaped. The ovi- 
positor of the female is long and fitted for boring. In this respect 
it differs from the ovipositor of sawflies which consist of saw- 
like plates. Horntails attack both hardwoods and coniferous trees. 
A few species have been recorded infesting vigorous trees, but 
they usually prefer trees or parts of trees that are dead or in a 
badly weakened condition. Horntail larvae are parasitized by sev- 
eral species of ichneumon wasps of the genus Megarhyssa Ashm. 
Two of these, M. atrata atrata and M. macrurus macrurus, are 
of special interest because of their striking appearance. Using 
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