the end of the larval tunnel and the adults emerge through circu- 
lar holes about 8 mm. In diameter. There appears to be one 
generation per year. 
FAMILY XIPHYDRIIDAE 
The family Xiphydriidae is represented in the United States 
and Canada by only six species, all of which occur in eastern 
United States. The adults are somewhat similar to those of the 
family Siricidae, but are only about 12 to 18 mm. long, and the 
female ovipositor sheath is seldom longer than the last tergite. 
Adults are reddish, black and yellowish, or entirely black. Full- 
grown larvae are about 18 mm. long and the abdomen ends with 
a brown concave prong ornamented with teeth on the underside. 
As a rule, the larvae feed in moderately sound to partly decayed 
wood of deciduous trees. Few, if any, are ever very abundant. 
Eastern species and their known hosts and distribution are as 
follows: Xiphydria abdominalis Say—basswood, maple, and elm 
from southern Canada to North Carolina and Jowa; X. maculata 
Say—maple in Canada and most of the United States except the 
Gulf States; X. tibialis Say—elm, birch, beech, American horn- 
beam, and hawthorn in southeastern Canada and the Northeast- 
ern States; X. hicoriae Rohwer—hickory and elm in southeastern 
Canada and from Massachusetts and New Jersey to Illinois; X. 
mellipes Harris—beech, birch, and alder across southern Canada 
and the Northern States. 
FAMILY ORUSSIDAE 
Eight species of the family Orussidae have been recorded from 
the United States and Canada, five of which occur in eastern 
United States. The adults are somewhat similar to those of the 
Siricidae, but are much smaller, ranging from only about 8 to 14 
mm. in length. As far as known, the larvae are all parasitic on 
woodborers of the coleopterous family Buprestidae. 
SUPERFAMILY CEPHOIDEA 
FAMILY CEPHIDAE 
STEM SAWFLIES 
The larvae of all members of this family and superfamily are 
borers in the stems of plants such as grasses or berries, or in the 
tender shoots of trees and shrubs. Only 12 species are recorded 
from the United States and Canada. Adults are slender-bodied 
and seldom more than 18 mm. long. The body is black or dark 
colored, occasionally marked with narrow yellow bands. The an- 
tennae are filiform, with 20 to 30 segments, and are either spindle- 
shaped or club-shaped. The front tibia has a single apical spur, 
cleft at the apex. 
The willow shoot sawfly, Janus abbreviatus (Say), occurs in 
southern Canada and from New England to Virginia and South 
Dakota. Its hosts are willow and poplar. Full-grown larvae are 
467 
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