ant; Perisierola punctaticeps (Kieffer)—the hickory shuckworm; 
Goniozus electus Fouts—Nantucket pine tip moth; and G. longi- 
nervis Fouts—the western pine tip moth. 
SUPERFAMILY SCOLIOIDEA 
FAMILY TIPHIIDAE 
TIPHIID WASPS 
The family Tiphiidae contains a number of important parasites 
of scarabaeid larvae in the soil. As far as known, all species are 
external parasites, usually feeding on the final larval instar of 
the host. The adults of most species are moderate in size, hairy, 
and black. The remainder are mostly black and yellow. A number 
of species have been imported against several introduced pests. 
Tiphia tnornata Say is one of the commonest and most impor- 
tant parasites of white grubs in the United States. Infestations 
are heaviest during the years when full-grown white grubs are 
present. At other times, they are usually very low (788). 
Tiphia vernalis Rohwer was introduced against the Japanese 
beetle from Japan and Korea during the period 1924-1933. It be- 
came established and now plays an important role in control of 
the beetle in certain parts of the East, especially in Pennsylvania 
(143). T. popilliavora Rohwer, also introduced against the Japa- 
nese beetle during the twenties and thirties, is now well estab- 
lished from New Hampshire to Virginia and Ohio. T. asericae 
A. & J. was introduced against the Asiatic garden beetle and 
Serica peregrine during the twenties. It is well established in 
Pennsylvania. 
FAMILY MUTILLIDAE 
VELVET ANTS 
Members of the family Mutillidae are commonly known as vel- 
vet ants because the females are wingless, have heavy coatings of 
fine hairs, and are usually observed running back and forth over 
the ground. In certain regions they are also known as ‘cow-killer 
ants.’ Adults are usually brightly colored with red, orange, or 
yellow markings, and some of the females are 25 mm. or more 
long. The majority of species are parasitic on ground-nesting bees 
and wasps (518). A common species in the South, where members 
of the family are most common, is Dasymutilla occidentalis occt- 
dentalis (L.). Because of their large size, velvet ants are capable 
of inflicting painful stings. 
FAMILY SCOLIDAE 
The family Scolidae is represented by about a dozen species in 
eastern United States and, as far as known, all species are ex- 
ternal parasites of Scarabaeid larvae in the soil. White grubs are 
especially susceptible to attack. The adults are large, hairy, and 
usually black except for spots or bands of yellow or red, and 
A485 
