Birch, gray—Continued 
leaf feeders—Continued 
sawflies—-Continued 
dusky birch sawfly, 462 
elm sawfly, 438, 472 
Profenusa thomsoni, 456 
root feeders— 
Japanese beetle, 19, 151, 485, 
486 
sucking insects—- 
Euceraphis lineata, 84 
Kleidocerys resedae geminatus, 
6 
ff 
Lygaeid bugs, 67 
Birch, paper: 
borer, bark and phloem— 
bronze birch borer, 29, 161, 478 
borer, wood— 
Trypodendron retusum, 268 
gall insect— 
Oligotrophus papyrifera, 419 
leaf feeders— 
beetles: 
Birch, paper—Continued 
leaf feeders—Continued 
moths and butterflies—Con. 
saddled prominent, 316, 472 
Schizura inpomaeae, 317 
leptinoides, 317 
Sparganothis diliutocostana, 
375 
fulgidipenna, 375 
Symmerista albifrons, 314 
unicorn caterpillar, 317 
variable oakleaf caterpillar, 
315 
white-marked tussock moth, 
318, 476, 478, 483 
yellow-necked caterpillar, 311 
sawflies: 
birch leaf-mining sawfly, 453, 
470, 473 
birch sawfly, 462 
Profenusa thomsoni, 456 
walkingstick, Diapheromera fe- 
morata, 55, 57 
bronze birch borer, 29, 161, 
478 
willow flea weevil, 222 
moths and butterflies: 
Abbottana clemataria, 346 
Acleris logiana, 386 
tripunctana, 386 
American dagger moth, 308 
Anacamptodes larvaria, 338 
Archips purpuranus, 378 
Argyrotaenia mariana, 385 
Bibarrambla allenella, 395 
birch skeletonizer, 409 
birch tube maker, 354 
Brephos infans, 334 
Bruce spanworm, 336 
chain-spotted geometer, 345 
Choristoneura  fractivittana, 
384 
Coleophora fuscedinella, 23, 
405 
Depressaria betulella, 395 
Deuteronomos magnarius, 346 
Epinotia solandriana, 371 
gypsy moth, 12, 18, 19, 24, 25, 
28202 65,1 lif, 12308 .320, 
430, 431, 469, 472, 474, 476, 
483 
Hemerocampa definita, 319 
hemlock looper, 344, 478, 483 
Heterocampa biundata, 316 
Hyperetis amicaria, 342 
io moth, 299 
Lophodonta ferruginea, 313 
Lycia ursaria, 342 
Melanolophia canadaria, 338 
Nadata gibbosa, 313 
Nymphalis j-album, 292 
oblique-banded leaf roller, 383 
Pandemis lamprosana, 375 
limitata, 375 
Prochoerodes transversata, 
346 
red-humped caterpillar, 316 
red-humped oakworm, 314 
sucking insects— 
Corythucha pallipes, 63 
Psylla annulata, 77 
Xylococculus betulae, 96 
Birch, river: 
borer, bark and phloem— 
Agrilus betulae, 163 
borer, cambium— 
Phytobia pruinosa, 426 
borer, wood— 
Xyleborus affinis, 270 
leaf feeders— 
Acleris logiana, 386 
birch leaf-mining sawfly, 453, 
470, 473 
dusky birch sawfly, 462 
SVPSV Mote wlZ lero. 24. 25. 
28, 62, 65, 117, 123, 320, 430, 
431, 469, 472, 474, 476, 483 
larger elm leaf beetle, 141 
sucking insects— 
Euceraphis mucidas, 84 
Birch, white, see Birch (Betula 
spp.) 
Birch, yellow: 
borer, bark and phloem— 
bronze birch borer, 29, 161, 478 
borers, wood— 
Chrysobothris sexsignata, 167 
Columbian timber beetle, 265 
leaf feeders— 
beetle: 
bronze birch borer, 29, 161, 
478 
moths and butterflies: 
Acleris chalybeana, 385 
American dagger moth, 308 
birch skeletonizer, 409 
elm spanworm, 343, 484 
Gracillaria pulchella, 409 
gypsy moth, 12, 18, 19, 24, 25, 
28) (62.5 Ob. wleliian 23 7320, 
430, 431, 469, 472, 474, 476, 
483 
hemlock looper, 344, 478, 483 
567 
