__ ae 
Spruce—Continued 
leaf feeders—Continued 
moths—Continued 
Epizeuxis aemula, 309 
Eufidonia notataria, 338 
Feralia jocosa, 309 
gypsy moth, 12, 18, 19, 24, 25, 
Z287O2 805) 112343205 430), 
431, 469, 472, 474, 475, 476, 
483 
hemlock looper, 344, 478, 483 
Lexis bicolor, 307 
Melanolophia canadaria, 338 
Neptyia semiclusaria, 344 
Panthea acronyctoides, 309 
Pero morrisonarius, 344 
pine tussock moth, 320 
Semiothisa granitata, 338 
spruce bud moth, 369 
Zeiraphera diniana, 370 
sawflies: 
balsam-fir sawfly, 446, 473 
green-headed spruce sawfly, 
460 
yellow-headed spruce sawfly, 
459, 472 
pollen feeder— 
Xyela alpigena, 432 
root feeders— 
European chafer, 150 
Serica tristis, 149 
strawberry root weevil, 221 
sucking insects— 
Adelges strobilobius, 22, 89 
balsam twig aphid, 83 
Cooley spruce gall aphid, 87, 91 
Fiorinia externa, 111 
hemlock scale, 108 
pine needle scale, 109 
Pineus floccus, 91 
Spruce, bigcone, see Douglas-fir 
Spruce, black: 
bark feeder— 
white-spotted sawyer, 203 
borers, bark and phloem — 
Crypturgus alutaceus, 239 
eastern spruce beetle, 247 
hemlock borer, 168, 483 
northern pine weevil, 211 
Orthotomicus vicinus, 263 
borers, cone and seed— 
Coleotechnites piceaella, 391 
spruce coneworm, 355 
spruce seed moth, 371 
borers, twig and shoot— 
white-pine weevil, 209, 423, 426, 
475, 477 
borers, wood— 
hemlock borer, 168, 483 
northern pine weevil, 211 
Orthotomicus vicinus, 263 
white-spotted sawyer, 203 
leaf feeders— 
balsam-fir sawfly, 446, 473 
black-headed budworm, 385, 472 
Coleotechnites piceaella, 391 
European spruce sawfly, 18, 19, 
24, 431, 452, 470, 471, 4738, 477 
Spruce, black—Continued 
leaf feeders—Continued 
Eupethecia transcanadata, 337 
false hemlock looper, 344 
hemlock looper, 344, 478, 483 
red-banded leaf roller, 384 
spruce budworm, 25, 378, 472, 
AT7 
spruce coneworm, 355 
spruce needleminer, 360 
white-spotted sawyer, 203 
yellow-headed spruce sawfly, 
459, 472 
sucking insects— 
Adelges strobilobius, 22, 89 
Cinara abietis, 83 
pine leaf chermid, 91 
Pineus floccus, 91 
similis, 91 
Spruce, blue (Colorado spruce) : 
borers, cone and seed— 
Coleotechnites piceaella, 351 
spruce coneworm, 355 
spruce seed moth, 371 
borers, twig and shoot— 
white-pine weevil, 209, 423, 426, 
ATD 4 
leaf feeders— 
Cephalcia fascipennis, 485 
Coleotechnites piceaeilla, 351 
Epinotia nanana, 23, 371 
gypsy moth; 12) a8) 19.724" 125. 
280 02snGow 17 612351320.0 430) 
431, 469, 472, 474, 475, 476, 
483 
spruce needleminer, 360 
yellow-headed spruce sawfly, 
459, 472 
root feeders— 
strawberry root weevil, 221 
sucking insects— 
Cooley spruce gall aphid, 87, 91 
eastern spruce gall aphid, 86, 89 
Pineus similis, 91 
Spruce, Engelmann: 
borers, bark and phloem— 
Dryocoetes caryi, 264 
Scolytus piceae, 239 
borers, cone and seed— 
Coleotechnites piceaella, 351 
spruce coneworm, 355 
spruce seed moth, 371 
leaf feeders— 
Coleotechnites piceaella, 351 
spruce coneworm, 355 
spruce needleminer, 360 
yellow-headed spruce sawfly, 
459, 472 
sucking insects— 
Cooley spruce gall aphid, 87, 91 
Pineus similis 
Spruce, Norway: 
borers, bark and phloem— 
Crypturgus alutaceus, 239 
southern pine beetle, 240, 477, 
502 
white-pine weevil, 209, 423, 426, 
ATO ALT 
607 
