FOREST-TREES OF THE UNITED STATES. 37 
- western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, at an altitude of 5,000 
to 9,000 feet. The largest trees are over 300 feet high, and over 30 feet 
in diameter. 
No. 406. Libocedrus decurrens, Torr.—Bastard Cedar.—California. 
This is sometimes called Red Cedar, or Post Cedar. It grows in the 
Sierras of California, at elevations of from 3,000 to 7,000 feet. It is a 
handsome tree, of low, conical form, tapering fast; 4 ‘to 6 feet diameter 
at base; but only about 100 feet high. The wood. is ight and strong, 
and ma kes excellent cabinet- work, boxes, Se. 
No. 407. Juniperus Vi irginiana, L.—Red Cedar.—Hastern United 
States. This is the Red Cedar of the eastern portion of the United 
States. It grows to the height of 30 or 40 feet, generally with a compact 
conical form. The timber is exceedingly valuable, being light, fine- 
erained, compact, and durable. The heart-wood is of a handsome dark- 
red color. It is used for a great variety of ornamental work, and for 
fence-posts is almost imperishable. 
No. 408. Juniperus Virginiana, var. Bermudiana.—Pencil Cedar ; Florida 
Cedar.—Coast of Florida. This variety, or species, as it is regarded by 
some, grows on the western coast of Florida. The wood is softer and 
freer from knots than the common form, and the pencil-manufacturers 
obtain their cedar wood from this source. 
No. 409. Juniperus Virginiana, var. montana.—Rocky Mountain Red 
Cedar.—Rocky Mountains. <A form or variety of Red Cedar found in 
Colorado and Utah. ‘In the Wasatch Mountains, Hastern Utah, this 
tree grows along the canons containing water throughout the year, and 
not in dry places. ‘Its form is there quite different from the Red Cedar 
in the Hast, being taller and with a looser and lesssymmetrical top. The 
people there say that the wood is not durable, and do not use it for fence- 
posts, &c., as is done with the eastern variety.” 
No. 410. Juniperus occidentalis, Hook.—Western Cedar.—Rocky 
Mountains, California, and Oregon. This is undoubtedly the cedar 
named by Dr. Hooker J. occidentalis. It grows on the east side of the 
Cascade Mountains in Oregon and also in California. It is of slow 
growth, seldom attaining more than a foot in diameter and 30 feet in 
height. The wood is nearly all white, and harder than the Red Cedar. 
No. 411. Juniperus occidentalis, var. Texana.—Rock Cedar.—Texas and 
westward. This forms extensive woods on rocky soil in Western Texas. 
The trunk is sometimes over one foot in diameter, yearly rings eccentric. 
It branches low, and forms almost impenetrable thickets. It is common 
fuel and fencing timber in Western Texas.—(Lindheimer.) 
No. 412. Juniperus Californicus, Carr.—Sweet-fruited Juniper.—South- 
ern California. A cedar growing from San Felipe Cafion, in the Cuya- 
maca Mountains, Southern California, into Arizona and. Mexico. It is 
a dwarf tree, and is very prolific of berries, which are as large as large 
peas, of a somewhat resinous but sweet taste. The Indians consume 
large quantities of them for food. The seeds are Pee, smooth, and 
free, one or two in each berry. 
No. 413. Juniperus Californicus, var. Utahense. Western Red Cedar.— 
Utah and California. This is the prevailing Cedar of the Wasatch 
Mountains, and ranging into Nevada and Southern California. In Hast- 
ern and Central Utah, this tree covers the slopes and foot-hills at from 
5,000 to 7,000 feet altitude. It is low and spreading at the base, with a 
dense pyramidal top, light-green foliage, and large rather woody berries, 
not so nutritious as those of the preceding kind. The wood is ex- | 
tremely durable, and used for fence-posts. In Southern Utah, the berries. 
are eaten by the Indians. The bark was formerly used by them in 
manufacturing many articles of clothing. 
