PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF DOGS O 



even in an advanced stage of the disease. It is well known that 

 susceptibility to mange and scabies in various animals depends in 

 part on the general condition of the animal and on weather conditions. 

 Mange in horses and scabies in cattle are much more prevalent in 

 winter than in summer and more so among animals poorly fed and 

 cared for than among animals well fed and cared for. On the other 

 hand, it is reported that dogs in Greenland suffer from mange in the 

 summer, the disease becoming latent or cured in winter. 



In addition to hygienic measures, various treatments may be used 

 to destroy the mange mites and cure the disease. Among the many 

 treatments which have been used and recommended, a few are noted 

 here. 



The hair over the diseased portions of the body should be clipped, 

 and it is usually advisable to clip it over the entire body. The hair 

 may cover up evidence of areas in early stages of mange, from which 

 areas the disease may spread after apparent cure of evidently dis- 

 eased areas, and the removal of the hair simplifies treatment and 

 makes it possible to use smaller amounts of medicinal substances 

 effectively. The crusts present may be rubbed with green soap to 

 soften them and an hour or two later the soap and crusts removed 

 with a brush and warm water. The next day the application of 

 substances intended to destroy the mites is begun by treating one 

 fourth of the body, a different quarter being treated each successive 

 day, so that the entire body is treated in the course of 4 days. The 

 applications to each quarter are rubbed in thoroughly, left on for 

 about 4 days, and then removed with warm water and soap. After 

 each course of treatment the applications are omitted for 3 or 4 days 

 and then repeated until the skin is healed and the itching and irri- 

 tation have disappeared. One application that may be used consists 

 of 1 part each of oil of tar and green soap in 1 to 5 parts of alcohol. 

 Another is 1 part each by volume of oil of tar and crude petroleum 

 oil, and 6 parts of liquid petrolatum. Another is cresol liniment, con- 

 sisting of 2 parts aqua cresolis and 1 part each of soft soap and alcohol. 

 Another is sublimed sulphur 2 parts, oil of tar 1 part, potassium 

 carbonate 1 part, and lard 8 parts. Another is an ointment, consisting 

 of sublimed sulphur 150 grams, potassium carbonate 8 grams, and 

 lard 60 grams. Another is flowers of sulphur 1 part, tincture of iodine 

 1 part, oil of tar 8 parts, and olive oil 8 parts. Ordinary sulphur 

 ointment, 1 part sulphur to 8 parts lard, may be used; to this may be 

 added 1 dram of balsam of Peru. The ordinary lime-sulphur dips 

 may be used. The animals should be prevented from licking the 

 applications, by the use of a muzzle, broad collar, or some other 

 means. 



During the period of treatment the bowels must be kept open by 

 the use of castor oil or Glauber's salt, daily, if necessary. The ani- 

 mals must be protected from cold. All diseased animals should 

 be isolated for their own benefit and for the protection of those not 

 diseased. It should also be kept in mind that sarcoptic mange of 

 the dog is transmissible to man and that due precautions should 

 accordingly be taken in handling mangy animals. The disease is 

 also transmissible to the horse. Mange is a debilitating disease, 

 leaving the patient more susceptible to various other diseases, and 

 mangy animals are poor subjects for treatments to remove worms, 

 being weakened to the point where they are much more liable to 



