Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Dogs 



19 



^r\ 



Fig. 17. — A portion of the 

 small intestine of a 

 dog ; slit open to show 

 6 attached hookworms. 

 Natural size. Adapted 

 from Fiebiger, 1923 



from dogs, being only a little less effective than chenopoclium, and 

 for the great majority of dogs is safer than chenopodium. 



Santonin is effective in removing ascarids from dogs when it 

 is properly given. It is usually safe and is 

 especially valuable in the case of animals 

 in which the digestive tract is inflamed. It 

 should be given in the morning, three 

 hours before feeding, every day for five or 

 six days in doses of one-fourth to 1 grain, 

 according to the size of the animal, and 

 accompanied by an equal quality of calomel. 



Preventive measures are along the line 

 of sanitation and depend largely on the fact 

 that the infective agents are the worm eggs 

 which pass in the feces. The prompt and 

 thorough removal of these feces from yards 

 and kennels removes the source of infec- 

 tion. Dirt surfaces should be scraped and 

 renewed from time to time, and wooden 

 and concrete structures cleaned with boil- 

 ing water, soap, and lye, or hot, strong coal- 

 tar creosote solutions, dependence for re- 

 sults being placed primarily on the vigor- 

 ous and thorough use of a brush. Especial 

 attention should be paid to keeping pups 

 in clean areas away from infected places 

 and from older animals, and to keep- 

 ing these older animals free from worms by treatment whenever 

 necessary. 



HOOKWORM INFESTATION (KENNEL 

 ANEMIA) 



Cause. — Dogs are frequently in- 

 fested in this country with the com- 

 mon dog hookworm, Ancylostoma 

 caninum. This worm (fig. 17) is 

 comparatively small, the male from a 

 little over one-third to one-half inch 

 (9 to 12 millimeters) long, and the 

 female from a little over one-third to 

 almost 1 inch (9 to 21 millimeters) 

 long, and thinner than an ordinary 

 pin. The mouth is armed with six 

 pointed teeth (fig. 18), and the worm 

 attaches with this armed mouth to 

 the lining of the small intestine and 

 ^^'':}^:Z:^^^.^T'^''''^''^^''''}^^T^'^' sucks blood. Another dog hook- 



Ancijlostomacaninitm. Head. Dor- , i n t i ^i 



sal view. Enlarged. B^om Riley worm, the narrow-lieaded hookworm, 

 and Fitch, 1912, after Looss Uncinavia stenocephctU, is not un- 



common in dogs in Europe and in foxes in the United States and 

 Canada, but appears to be very rare in the dog in this country. 

 This is a smaller worm, the male being one-fifth to one-third inch 

 (5 to 8 millimeters) long, and the female one-third to almost one- 

 half inch (8 to 11 millimeters) long. The mouth is armed with 



