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growth may keep from the roots;  light and heat, appear
as necessary to the roots as to the branches of
trees- clover, while it occupies the ground, must prevent
cultivation;  so far, I apprehend, it will be found
pernicious, but probably not in a greater degree than
any other luxuriant and deeply rooted species of grass,
absorbing the moisture, and exhausting the strength of 
the soil which covers the roots of small trees.  In the
arrangement of an orchard, both convenience and beauty
will result from planting each kind in distinct contiguous
rows.  Some cultivators pay particular attention
to continue in the orchard the aspect the tree maintained
in the nursery:  I have sometimes adopted the
practice, without much confidence in its efficacy; nor
can I think it probable, that trees, growing in close
rows, not much exposed, in the nursery, can, by any
habit so limited in its duration, be affected by any permanent
contraction or rigidity of the bark, or sap vessels,
which are the only effects I have ever heard ascribed 
to the influence of aspect, on the stems of young
trees.

The prevalent winds of our climate, are from the
north-west:  in light soils, their violence will sometimes
give an inclination to newly planted trees to the south
east:  this may easily be remedied by setting up the
trees while young; and when they have attained a
large growth, it may be overcome in a great degree,
by cutting off the leaning branches, and by freely pruning
the leeward side of the tree.

Moss is a plant produced by poverty and neglect;
it is very prejudical to trees, and should be carefully
removed:  this can be readily done, by rubbing the
trees in damp weather with a bone, or the back of a
knife;  good cultivation will generally prevent the
growth of moss- white washing the stem, not only
cleanses the tree of moss, but destroys many kinds of
lice very injurious to fruit trees;  it is followed by a 
cleanliness in the bark after it has been dissolved by
rain, and promotes the health and vigour of the tree
whenever applied.

        