the mountainous parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia. It is common 
also in the north of Europe. The culm is stout, smooth, and leafy; 
the leaves are mostly from 6 to 10 inches long and about half an inch 
wide, the upper ones shorter. 
The well-known ribbon grass of the garden is a variety of this grass, 
and .will, it is said, easily revert to the normal type. In mountainous 
regions it may be worth trial for meadows. (Plate 32.) 
Phalaris intermedia (Southern Reed Canary Grass; Gilbert’s Relief Grass; Stew- 
art’s Canary Grass; California Timothy Grass). 
This species resembles the foreign Canary grass (Phalaris Canariensis) which pro- 
duces the seed commonly sold as food for Canary birds. It is, however, a taller and 
more robust species, growing 2 or 3 feet high, with a stout, erect culm and broad, 
linear leaves, which are from 4 to 10 inches long. The spike is oblong and compact, 
lor2inckeslong. There is a variety called var. angusta, in which the spike is 3 or’ 
A4incheslong. The spikelets are much like those of the preceding species (Phalaris 
arundinacea), having one perfect flower and two abortive ones. The outer glumes 
are lanceolate and nearly alike and have a narrow wing extending down the keel. 
The glumes of the feitile flower are nearly like those of Phalaris arundinacea already 
described. 
This species grows in South Carolina and the Gulf States, extending 
to Texas, then stretching across to the Pacific coast and occurring 
through California and Oregon. It has frequently been sent to the De- 
partment from the Southern States as a valuable winter grass. 
Mr. Thomas W. Beaty, of Conway, 8. C., writes as follows: 
The grass I send you was planted last September, and the specimens were cut on 
the 9th of March, following. You will notice that it is heading out and is just now 
in a right condition for mowing. It is whollya winter grass, dying downin the latter 
part of April and first of May; and it seems to me should be a great thing for the 
South if properly introduced and cultivated, or rather the ground properly prepared 
and the seed sown at the right time. It would afford the best of green pasturage for 
sheep and cattle all winter. It is what we call Gilbert’s relief grass. 
Many years ago Dr. Lincecum, of Texas, experimented with this grass 
and recommended it very highly. In California it is called California 
Timothy, and is said to have little or no agricultural value. Itis an 
annual or biennial. Professor Phares says: 
The variety angusta is much larger and more valuable. It grows 2 to 3 feet high 
and in swamps 5 feet, with many leaves 4 to 10 inches long, the spike somewhat re- 
sembling the head of Timothy; stock like it well, especially as hay. Mr. D. Stewart, 
of Louisiana, having tested other grasses, prefers this for quantity and quality for 
winter and spring grazing, and for soiling for milk cows. There is much testimony 
from many parts of the South of the same import, and this grass is doubtless worthy 
of extended, careful testing. 
(Plate 33.) 
ANTHOXANTHUM. 
Panicle somewhat. spike-like. Spikelets apparently three-flowered, 
but only the terminal one perfect; the lower pair of glumes are equal, 
the lower one much smaller than the upper one; above these and be- 
_-, low the perfect flower are two short, thin, two-lobed pubescent glumes, 
