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as natural enemies. The description of bis beetle agrees with R. 

 Toowoombn Blackb. 



Chionaspis citri Comst. becomes numerous occasionally in some of 

 the orange and lemon orchards at Paramatta, New South Wales. 

 This also has its natural enemies in the various prcdaceous insects. 

 The larvae of a small tineid moth often covers whole trunks and 

 branches of the trees with a fine silky web interwoven with remains 

 of scales, etc., under which the numerous small caterpillars live and 

 devour all the coccids, the various Coccinellidse devouring such as are 

 found upon the outer part of branches and leaves. 



According to Mr. Tryon, a fungus, Microcera reciispora Cooke, is 

 destroying this as well as Mytilaspis gloveri Pack, at Toowoomba. I 

 have found M. cqccophila only upon these coccids at Paramatta. 

 Without doubt the Orcus will feed upon these scales, and Rhizobiw 

 has often been noticed to do so. This scale is also numerous in New 

 Caledonia, where Rhizobiw dorsalis Blackb., or a very closely allied 

 species, is found preying thereon in numbers. It is also common 

 throughout Vitu Levu, Fiji, where it was met with upon cultivated 

 as well as wild citrus trees in the forests. At this latter place Ani- 

 sorcu* affinis Crotch and A. Fryi Crotch, which seems to be identical 

 with the first, prey upon it; the little yellowish spiny larva 1 , re- 

 sembling those of the young of Orcus chalybcus, are very numerous. 

 A small tineid larva was also found preying upon this coccid in Fiji, 

 where the above fungus could easily be introduced upon the scale. 



I have had no opportunity to study the natural enemies of Asptrtiotus 

 camellia Boisd. and Mytilaspis pomorum Bouche, scales found in 

 America and Australia as well, in the latter country, yet it may be 

 safely said that their injury to fruit trees, if not already kept in check, 

 can be overcome with the numerous native coccid-feeding Coccinel- 

 lid;e and the fungus Microcera coccopliila and M. reciispora, which, 

 upon the Mytilaspis at least, could be established. 



In my first visit to an orange orchard at Paramatta, on October 23, 

 1801, and upon the first tree infested with lied Scale examined, numerous 

 eggs, young larva', and mature insects of Orcus chalybens Boisd., and 

 O. australasia Boisd. were found, as also various species of Rhizobius 

 and B. satellus Blackb. especially, in large numbers. On November 2, 

 1891, the first lot of insects left Sydney for Los Angeles. This con- 

 sisted chiefly of the two species of Orcus, which at that time must have 

 laid all their eggs and were still living ever since the previous March 

 and April, as both these species are in a more or less dormant state 

 during the winter months. Besides these, various species of Rhizobiids 

 and Scymnids were sent, as also some ninety specimens of Scymnodes 

 koebelii Boisd., an insect preying on Chionaspis and Eriococcus 

 in Australia, and which may also feed upon -the Black Scale and other 

 coccids here. The second consignment to Mr. Coquillet, on No- 

 vember 30, 1891, consisted of about the same material. At this 

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