The Hawkweeds, or Paintbrushes. 5 
KING-DEVIL. 
King-devil! is a noxious weed in northern New York, in New 
England, and in southern Canada. This species is also called yellow 
hawkweed, high hawkweed, and yellow paintbrush. It was intro- 
duced from Europe into northern New York about 1879, whence it 
spread rapidly northward. It differs from orange hawkweed (1) in size, 
being usually larger; (2) in the color of its flowers, which are about the 
same shade of yellow as buttercups; and (3) in having smooth, hairless 
stems. The plants are slender in appearance, growing up to 3 feet in 
height. King-devil possesses methods of reproduction similar to orange 
Fic. 2.—Yellow field hawkweed ( Hicracium pratense) growing in a Virginia pasture. 
hawkweed, although the runners are shorter and thicker and usually 
below ground. The species is common in fields, pastures, and along 
roadsides and resembles orange hawkweed in that it rarely invades 
rich soils. 
YELLOW FIELD HAWKWEED. 
The yellow field hawkweed ” (fig. 2) is also known as yellow devil, 
yellow paintbrush, and king-deyil. It differs from the previous species 
in two important particulars: (1) It is noxious principally in the high- 
land sections of Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina, although 
it occurs from New England to Georgia; and (2) it is destructive in 
rich pasture lands and may even invade cultivated fields. 
The yellow field hawkweed is a comparatively recent importation 
from Europe, but it has spread rapidly. The plant is a coarse, hairy 
1 Hieracium florentinum. 2 Hieracium pratense. 
