ent 
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is used for the manufacture of bitter tincture and candied orange-peel. 
The Bergamot orange has peculiarly fragrant flowers and fruit, from 
each of which an essence of a delicious quality is extracted. 
CLITORIA TERNATEA.—The flowers of this climbing-plant afford a2 
slue dye in Cochin-China; and they are used for coloring boiled rice in 
Amboyna. The root is said to be as powerfully purgative as jalap, and 
is used to promote sickness and vomiting. 
CLUSIA ROSEA.—A tropical plant, which yields abundantly of a 
tenacious resin from its stem, which is used for the same purpose as 
pitch ; it is first of a green color, but, when exposed to the air, it assumes 
a brown or reddish tint. The Garibs use it for painting the ‘bottoms of 
their boats. 
CoccoOLOBA UVIFERA.—Known in the West Indies as the Seaside 
grape, from the peculiarity of the perianth, which becomes pulpy, and 
of a violet color, and surrounds the ripe fruit. The pulpy perianth 
has an agreeable acid flavor. An astringent extract is prepared from 
the plant, which is used in medecine. 
Cocos PLUMOSUS.—A Brazilian species, highly ornamental in its 
long, arching leaves, and produces quantities of orange-colored nuts, in 
size about as large as a chestnut, inclosed in an edible pulp. 
CocuUS NUCIFERA.—The Cocoa-Nut palm. This palm is cultivated 
throughout the tropics so extensively that its native country is not 
known. One reason of its extensive dissemination is accounted for by 
the fact of its growing so close to the sea that the ripe fruits are washed 
away by the waves, and afterward cast upon far-distant shores, where 
they soon vegetate. It is in this way that the coral islands of the In- 
dian Ocean have become covered with these palms. Every part of this 
tree is put to some useful purpose. The outside rind or husk of the 
fruit yields the fiber from which the well-known cocoanut matting is 
manufactured. Cordage, clothes and other brushes, brooms, and hats 
are made from this fiber, and, when curled and dyed, it is used for stuf- 
fing mattresses and cushions. An oil is produced by pressing tue 
white kernel of the nut, which is used for cookin’g when fresh, and by 
pressure affords stearine, which is made into candles, the liquid being 
used forlamps. The kernel is of great importance as ‘an article of food, 
and the milk affords an agreeable beverage. While young they yield a 
delicious substance resembling blane-mange. The leaves are used for 
thatching, for making mats, baskets, hats, &c.; combs are made from 
the hard footstalk; the heart of the tree is used as we use cabbages. 
The brown fibrous network from the base of the leaves is used as sieves, 
and also made into garments. The wood is used for building and for 
furniture. The flowers are used medicinally as an eens = 200 and the 
roots as a febrifuge. 
CODLEUM VARIEGATUM.—A native of Walecexs, where it is cultivated 
for its foliage, which is used to decorate houses on occasions of festivity. 
The bark and root excite a burning sensation in the mouth when 
chewed. It is nearly allied to the Croton-Oil plant. 
CoFFEA ARABICA.—The Coffee plant belongs to the Cinchonacea, 
and is a native of Abyssinia, but is now cultivated in many tropical 
regions. It cannot be successfully cultivated in a climate where the 
temperature, at any season of the year, falls below 55 degrees. The 
beans or seeds are roasted before use, and by this process they gain 
nearly one-half in bulk, and lose about a fifth in weight. Heat also 
changes their essential qualities, causing the development of the vola- 
tile oil and peculiar acid to which the aroma and flavor are due. The 
