15 
employed in dyeing. The berries are used in medicine, and a decoction 
of the roots is used for ulcers. 
CAESALPINIA PULCHERRIMA.—This beautiful flowering leguminous 
plant i is a native of the East Indies, but cultivated in all the tropics. 
In Jamaica it is called the « Barbados flower.” The wood is sought 
after for charcoal, and a decoction of the leaves and flowers is used in 
fevers. 
CASALPINIA SAPPAN.—The brownish-red wood of this Indian tree 
furnishes the Sappan wood of commerce, from which dyers obtain a red 
color, principally used for dyeing cotton-goods. Its root also affords an 
orange-yellow dye. 
CASALPINIA BonDuUCc.—A tropical plant, bearing the seeds known as 
Nicker nuts, or Bondue nuts. These are often strung together for neck- 
laces. The kernels have a very bitter taste, and the oil obtained - from 
them is used medicinally. 
CALAMUS Rorane.—This is one of the palms that furnish the canes 
or rattans used for chair-bottoms, sides of pony-carriages, and similar 
purposes. ©. rudentum and C. viminalis furnish flexible canes. In 
their native countries they are used for a variety of manufacturing pur- 
poses, also for ropes and cables employed by junks and other coasting 
vessels. In the Himalayas they are used in the formation of suspen- 
sion-bridges across rivers and deep ravines. C. Scipionum furnishes 
the well-known Malacca canes used for walking-sticks. They are natu- 
rally of a rich brown color. The clouded and mottled appearance which 
some of these present is said to be imparted to them by smoking and 
steaming. 
CALLITRIS QUADRIVALVIS.—This coniferous plant is a native of Bar- 
bary. It yields a hard, durable, and fragrant timber, and is much 
employed in the er ection of Inosques, &e. by the Africans of the North. 
The resin that exudes from the tree is used’ in varnish, under the name 
of gum-sandarach. In powder, if forms a principal ingredient of the 
article known as pounce. 
CALOPHYLLUM CALABA.—This is called Calaba tree in the West 
Indies, and an oil, fit for burning in lamps, is expressed trom the seeds. 
CALOTROPIS GIGA \NTEA.—The imner bark of this plant yields a-valua- 
ble fiber, capable of bearing a greater strain than hemp. All parts of it 
abound in a very acrid milky juice, which hardens into a substance 
resembling gutta-percha; but in its fresh state it is a valuable remedy 
in cutaneous diseases. The bark of the root also possesses similar medi- 
cal qualities; and its tincture yields mudarine, a substance that has the 
property of gelatinizing when heated, and returning to the fluid state 
when cool. ‘Paper has been made from the silky down on the seeds. 
CAMELLIA JAPONICA.—A well-known green-house plant, cultivated 
for its large double flowers. The seeds furnish an oil of an agreeable 
odor, which is used for many domestic purposes. The leaves are some- 
times used to adulterate tea, to which they impart a pleasant odor. 
CAMPHORA OFFICINARUM.—This tree belongs to the Lanrace. Cam- 
phor is prepared from the wood by boiling chopped branches in water, 
when, after some time, the camphor becomes deposited, and is purified 
by sublimation. It is mainly produced in the island of Formosa. The 
wood of the tree is highly prized for manufacturing entomological cabi- 
nets. 
CANELLA ALBA.—This is a native of the West Indies, and furnishes ¢ 
pale olive-colored bark, with an aromatic odor, and is used as a tonic. 
It is used by the natives as a spice. 
CAPPARIS SPINOSA.—The Caper plant is a native of the south 
