note on the work sheet the number of containers loaded in the car as found by 
actual count or by shipper’ s manifest. 
By this time, the inspector would probably select at random more packed boxes, 
examine samples from each, and record his findings on the note sheet. The 
record would give the number of defective and off-sized apples in each sample, 
as well as indicate the range of color, shape, and the stage of maturity. As loading 
of the car progressed, he would also note on the work sheet the method of loading 
the car, the number of rows and layers of boxes, the stripping of the layers, and 
whether the car was loaded full length or in the ends with center bracing between 
doors. 
During the course of the inspection, the inspector would probably examine 
samples from at least 15 packed containers as a basis for reporting the size and 
the quality and condition of the shipment. If he found irregularities. in the 
samples inspected he would examine more samples than he would if they ran 
quite uniform in grade defects. In any case, the inspector would examine as 
many samples as he believed necessary to be representative in size, quality, and 
condition of the shipment. Upon completion of his examination of samples he 
would then total his score of various defects and off-sized apples, and calculate the 
percentages. He would then be ready to enter the size and quality and condition 
statements for the car as a whole on his work sheet. 
If the average of defective apples was within the tolerances specified in the 
grade packed, he would enter the name of the grade under the grade heading. 
If the average exceeded the tolerances, he would report the load as failing to 
meet the grade and the reasons therefor. Before leaving the car, the inspector 
would note the time of completing his inspection, and as a final step tack up a card 
to show where, when, and by whom the car was inspected. 
Before leaving the packing house, the inspector would recheck all his notes, 
including the one covering the car number, to see that all information was com- 
pletely and accurately recorded. Upon returning to the inspection office, which 
might not be before nightfall if he had other cars to inspect, the inspector would 
hand in his work sheet to the supervisor or inspector in charge, who would also 
check the information entered on the sheet before having the certificate typed 
for mailing to the applicant. A copy of the typed certificate is attached to the 
work sheet for filing in the inspection office. Such is the usual procedure in 
inspecting a car of fruits or vegetables at shipping point, with variations, of course, 
to take care of different products and situations. 
A reproduction of a typical shipping-point inspection certificate, which is 
furnished each applicant for inspection, is shown in figure 4. 
Why Shippers Take Inspection 
The question is often asked as to why growers and shippers are willing to pay 
several dollars for a little sheet of paper giving a description of a carload or truck- 
load of produce when inspection, so far as the Federal Government is concerned, 
is not compulsory. In the first place, he knows that the information given on 
the inspection certificate is accepted as prima facie evidence of the facts stated 
therein by all Federal courts and most State courts. 
Consequently, if he has a contract with a distant buyer to deliver a carload 
of a product of a certain grade, as shown on the certificate, he has the satisfaction 
of knowing that his shipment complies with the grade provisions of that contract 
and if, for that reason, the shipment is not accepted by the receiver, the latter 
must prove just cause for the rejection. He regards the few dollars invested 
in the inspection service as cheap insurance, and indeed it is when compared 
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