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in the publication of Hardwicke’s paper, which was printed in the fourteenth 
volume of the Linnean Society’s ‘Transactions,’ the description and figure of 
this animal in the ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres’ appeared first, as is 
stated by Hardwicke in an addendum to his memoir. Hardwicke declared 
that Duvaucel’s figure and notes had been taken from a drawing which that 
naturalist saw in Hardwicke’s possession when he visited the Major-General 
at Dum-dum in 1822. Hardwicke states that on that occasion Duvaucel also 
saw specimens of both sexes of this animal, which were then alive in his 
possession, and suggests that Duvaucel’s imperfect notes were also drawn up 
on this occasion. As this seems a very probable explanation of what took 
place, I think that we must allow that our countryman Hardwicke was the 
first to recognize this species, although it is unfortunate that he gave it the 
name of Antilope chickara, as that vernacular name is, throughout all India, 
applied to the Indian Gazelle. 
In 1839 Sir Walter (then Mr.) Elliot, in his Catalogue of the Mammals 
of the Southern Mahratta country, published in the ‘ Madras Journal’ for that 
year, proposed, rather hesitatingly, to separate the form of this Antelope which 
occurs in that district under the name subquadricornutus, from the fact that 
the anterior pair of horns are in some cases not developed at all, and in other 
cases only occur as small projections on the skull. But Blyth, one of our 
leading authorities upon Indian mammals, after discussing this question, 
came to the conclusion that the specimens forwarded to Calcutta by Mr. Elliot 
did not differ specifically from the common Bengal form, the fact being that 
in this Antelope the development of the front horns is very variable, and that 
in many cases these organs appear to be reduced to mere tubercles, or to be 
altogether absent. Blyth allowed that this reduction of the front horns is 
more general in specimens from the southern districts of India, although 
individuals with fully developed front horns are likewise occasionally found 
in that part of its range. Blyth also subsequently stated that he had seen 
horns of both the supposed species which had been obtained in the same 
district near Midnapore (see J. A. S. B. xvi. pt. 2, p. 879). 
A figure of the head of the Four-horned Antelope is given by General 
Kinloch in his useful work on ‘Large Game Shooting in Thibet and the 
North-West.’ His account of this species is as follows :—‘ Four-horned 
Antelopes are generally found alone, or frequently in pairs;: they conceal 
themselves in long grass or among low bushes, and somewhat resemble hares 
